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Applied Sciences
Volume 15
Issue 17
10.3390/app15179386
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Retraction of Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(6), 2126.
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Retraction

RETRACTED: Shahjehan et al. Efficient Modulation Scheme for Intermediate Relay-Aided IoT Networks. Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 2126

by
Waleed Shahjehan
1,†,
Shahid Bashir
2,†,
Saleem Latteef Mohammed
3,†,
Ahmed Bashar Fakhri
3,†,
Adeniyi Adebayo Isaiah
4,†,
Imran Khan
1,† and
Peerapong Uthansakul
5,*,†
1
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Peshawar P.O. Box 814, KPK, Pakistan
2
Business Studies Department, Namal Institute, 30 km Talagang Road, Mianwali 42250, Pakistan
3
Department of Medical Instrumentation Techniques Engineering, Electrical Engineering Technical College, Middle Technical University, Baghdad 10013, Iraq
4
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), PBM 98, 109101, Ibadan 200001, Nigeria
5
School of Telecommunication Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(17), 9386; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15179386
Submission received: 12 August 2025 / Accepted: 18 August 2025 / Published: 27 August 2025
Versions Notes
The journal retracts the article “Efficient Modulation Scheme for Intermediate Relay-aided IoT Networks” [1] cited above.
Following publication, concerns were brought to the attention of the Editorial Office regarding an overlap between this article [1] and an earlier publication [2] by a different authorship group.
Adhering to our complaint procedure, an investigation was conducted by the Editorial Office and Editorial Board that confirmed a high level of overlap, including text, equations, and figures, between the two above-mentioned publications [1,2], without appropriate acknowledgement or citation. As a result, the Editorial Board has decided to retract this publication [1], as per MDPI’s retraction policy (https://www.mdpi.com/ethics#_bookmark30 (accessed on 12 August 2025)).
This retraction was approved by the Editor-in-Chief of Applied Sciences.
Peerapong Uthansakul agreed to this retraction; other authors did not provide a comment on this decision.

References

  1. Shahjehan, W.; Bashir, S.; Mohammed, S.L.; Fakhri, A.B.; Adebayo Isaiah, A.; Khan, I.; Uthansakul, P. RETRACTED: Efficient Modulation Scheme for Intermediate Relay-Aided IoT Networks. Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 2126. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  2. Wu, H.; Mittelmann, H.; Ding, Z. Modulation Design for MIMO-CoMP HARQ. IEEE Commun. Lett. 2017, 21, 290–293. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Shahjehan, W.; Bashir, S.; Mohammed, S.L.; Fakhri, A.B.; Adebayo Isaiah, A.; Khan, I.; Uthansakul, P. RETRACTED: Shahjehan et al. Efficient Modulation Scheme for Intermediate Relay-Aided IoT Networks. Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 2126. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 9386. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15179386

AMA Style

Shahjehan W, Bashir S, Mohammed SL, Fakhri AB, Adebayo Isaiah A, Khan I, Uthansakul P. RETRACTED: Shahjehan et al. Efficient Modulation Scheme for Intermediate Relay-Aided IoT Networks. Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 2126. Applied Sciences. 2025; 15(17):9386. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15179386

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shahjehan, Waleed, Shahid Bashir, Saleem Latteef Mohammed, Ahmed Bashar Fakhri, Adeniyi Adebayo Isaiah, Imran Khan, and Peerapong Uthansakul. 2025. "RETRACTED: Shahjehan et al. Efficient Modulation Scheme for Intermediate Relay-Aided IoT Networks. Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 2126" Applied Sciences 15, no. 17: 9386. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15179386

APA Style

Shahjehan, W., Bashir, S., Mohammed, S. L., Fakhri, A. B., Adebayo Isaiah, A., Khan, I., & Uthansakul, P. (2025). RETRACTED: Shahjehan et al. Efficient Modulation Scheme for Intermediate Relay-Aided IoT Networks. Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 2126. Applied Sciences, 15(17), 9386. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15179386

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