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Volume 14
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10.3390/app14052167
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Article

Creating an Immersive Virtual Reality Game Space for Multiuser, Synchronous Co-Located Collaboration: Design Considerations and Influencing Factors

by
Qinna Feng
1,
Heng Luo
1,*,
Zijian Li
2,*,
Jiarong Liang
1,
Gege Li
1 and
Yan Yi
1
1
Faculty of Artificial Intelligence in Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
2
School of Fine Arts, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(5), 2167; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14052167
Submission received: 6 February 2024 / Revised: 1 March 2024 / Accepted: 3 March 2024 / Published: 5 March 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue User Experience in Virtual Environments)
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Abstract

The last decade has witnessed the rapid development of immersive virtual reality (IVR) and its application in various contexts. However, its application in supporting real-time virtual collaboration has been quite rare due to technical barriers and the lack of validated design principles. To address this research gap, this study designed and developed an IVR space to enable multiuser synchronous co-located collaboration to complete a fantasy game. An evaluation study (N = 95) was conducted to explore its useful design considerations and the influencing factors for collaboration experience in the game. The IVR space was enabled by the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM)-based inside-out tracking technique and was informed by four essential design considerations for promoting effective collaboration in IVR, namely, the role script, learning task, collaboration mechanism, and communication design. The study results revealed that students in general were satisfied with their collaboration experience in IVR, with social presence and collaboration competency as significant predictors of collective efficacy and social experience. Based on both quantitative and qualitative results, this study proposes four validated principles for designing effective IVR spaces to support synchronous co-located collaboration.
Keywords: immersive virtual reality; synchronous co-located collaboration; collaboration experience; design consideration immersive virtual reality; synchronous co-located collaboration; collaboration experience; design consideration

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MDPI and ACS Style

Feng, Q.; Luo, H.; Li, Z.; Liang, J.; Li, G.; Yi, Y. Creating an Immersive Virtual Reality Game Space for Multiuser, Synchronous Co-Located Collaboration: Design Considerations and Influencing Factors. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 2167. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14052167

AMA Style

Feng Q, Luo H, Li Z, Liang J, Li G, Yi Y. Creating an Immersive Virtual Reality Game Space for Multiuser, Synchronous Co-Located Collaboration: Design Considerations and Influencing Factors. Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(5):2167. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14052167

Chicago/Turabian Style

Feng, Qinna, Heng Luo, Zijian Li, Jiarong Liang, Gege Li, and Yan Yi. 2024. "Creating an Immersive Virtual Reality Game Space for Multiuser, Synchronous Co-Located Collaboration: Design Considerations and Influencing Factors" Applied Sciences 14, no. 5: 2167. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14052167

APA Style

Feng, Q., Luo, H., Li, Z., Liang, J., Li, G., & Yi, Y. (2024). Creating an Immersive Virtual Reality Game Space for Multiuser, Synchronous Co-Located Collaboration: Design Considerations and Influencing Factors. Applied Sciences, 14(5), 2167. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14052167

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