Anthropometric Values in Spanish Elite Soccer: Differences between Divisions and Playing Positions
Abstract
:Featured Application
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Anthropometric Measurements
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Body Composition Values
4.2. Somatotype Values
4.3. Application Percentiles
4.4. Limitations
4.5. Practical Application
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Variables | Second Division (Mean ± SD) | Second B Division (Mean ± SD) | Third Division (Mean ± SD) | Division | Division with Position as a Covariable | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | p | η2 | F | p | η2 | ||||
Body mass (kg) | 75.91 ± 6.86 | 74.57 ± 6.87 | 74.27 ± 7.00 | 2.18 | 0.113 | 0.004 | 3.66 | 0.000 | 0.187 |
Stretch stature (cm) | 181.03 ± 6.20 | 179.90 ± 6.38 | 179.59 ± 5.88 | 2.04 | 0.131 | 0.002 | 2.86 | 0.002 | 0.153 |
Triceps skinfold (mm) | 5.54 ± 1.75 | 5.84 ± 2.31 | 6.67 ± 2.08 | 11.58 | 0.000 | 0.115 | 3.10 | 0.001 | 0.163 |
Subscapular skinfold (mm) | 7.64 ± 1.61 | 7.77 ± 1.61 | 7.61 ± 1.40 | 0.61 | 0.542 | 0.012 | 0.65 | 0.783 | 0.039 |
Biceps skinfold (mm) | 4.60 ± 2.10 | 3.91 ± 1.86 | 3.38 ± 0.97 | 13.06 | 0.000 | 0.043 | 1.09 | 0.370 | 0.064 |
Iliac crest skinfold (mm) | 7.54 ± 2.08 | 8.88 ± 3.27 | 9.52 ± 3.07 | 9.70 | 0.000 | 0.028 | 0.79 | 0.654 | 0.116 |
Supraspinale skinfold (mm) | 6.19 ± 1.94 | 6.84 ± 2.27 | 6.23 ± 1.99 | 5.91 | 0.003 | 0.066 | 2.09 | 0.023 | 0.047 |
Abdominal skinfold (mm) | 8.09 ± 2.29 | 9.40 ± 3.62 | 10.33 ± 3.91 | 14.15 | 0.000 | 0.052 | 1.38 | 0.187 | 0.08 |
Thigh skinfold (mm) | 8.02 ± 2.45 | 8.73 ± 2.73 | 9.34 ± 3.09 | 7.60 | 0.001 | 0.038 | 1.44 | 0.159 | 0.083 |
Calf skinfold (mm) | 4.49 ± 1.21 | 4.92 ± 1.45 | 5.15 ± 1.74 | 6.62 | 0.001 | 0.051 | 1.70 | 0.076 | 0.097 |
Arm relaxed girth (cm) | 30.75 ± 1.84 | 30.34 ± 1.64 | 30.21 ± 2.21 | 2.46 | 0.087 | 0.035 | 2.60 | 0.004 | 0.141 |
Arm flexed and tensed girth (cm) | 33.98 ± 1.92 | 32.95 ± 1.81 | 32.76 ± 2.17 | 12.06 | 0.000 | 0.046 | 2.47 | 0.007 | 0.135 |
Waist girth (cm) | 78.89 ± 3.31 | 77.89 ± 3.53 | 77.30 ± 4.32 | 2.71 | 0.068 | 0.011 | 1.63 | 0.094 | 0.093 |
Hip girth (cm) | 99.26 ± 4.29 | 95.23 ± 3.71 | 95.50 ± 4.74 | 17.10 | 0.000 | 0.024 | 1.95 | 0.036 | 0.109 |
Thigh middle girth (cm) | 54.72 ± 2.88 | 54.52 ± 3.10 | 53.72 ± 2.94 | 3.95 | 0.020 | 0.030 | 2.49 | 0.006 | 0.135 |
Calf girth (cm) | 37.63 ± 1.99 | 37.18 ± 3.00 | 37.27 ± 1.99 | 1.28 | 0.278 | 0.001 | 0.80 | 0.640 | 0.048 |
Humerus breadth (cm) | 7.36 ± 0.47 | 6.88 ± 0.44 | 7.03 ± 0.35 | 39.32 | 0.000 | 0.106 | 3.58 | 0.000 | 0.184 |
Bi-styloid breadth (cm) | 5.92 ± 0.35 | 5.69 ± 0.38 | 5.87 ± 0.50 | 10.59 | 0.000 | 0.087 | 2.27 | 0.013 | 0.125 |
Femur breadth (cm) | 10.22 ± 0.48 | 9.79 ± 0.48 | 9.77 ± 0.65 | 23.67 | 0.000 | 0.035 | 1.16 | 0.318 | 0.068 |
Sum of three skinfolds (cm) | 18.57 ± 6.18 | 25.06 ± 7.55 | 25.67 ± 8.22 | 37.21 | 0.000 | 0.028 | 1.01 | 0.439 | 0.060 |
Sum of six skinfolds (cm) | 39.97 ± 7.86 | 42.97 ± 9.63 | 44.49 ± 10.98 | 7.73 | 0.000 | 0.047 | 1.47 | 0.148 | 0.084 |
Sum of eight skinfolds (cm) | 53.03 ± 9.81 | 56.20 ± 12.12 | 57.04 ± 14.07 | 2.49 | 0.084 | 0.040 | 1.34 | 0.205 | 0.078 |
Corrected arm girth (cm) | 29.11 ± 2.05 | 28.53 ± 1.78 | 28.17 ± 2.13 | 6.55 | 0.002 | 0.067 | 2.58 | 0.005 | 0.139 |
Corrected thigh girth (cm) | 52.18 ± 2.70 | 51.75 ± 3.10 | 50.83 ± 2.94 | 6.66 | 0.001 | 0.056 | 2.70 | 0.003 | 0.145 |
Corrected calf girth (cm) | 36.22 ± 2.00 | 35.60 ± 3.05 | 35.72 ± 1.99 | 2.37 | 0.094 | 0.002 | 0.78 | 0.656 | 0.047 |
Sum of corrected girths (cm) | 117.59 ± 5.50 | 116.18 ± 6.44 | 114.12 ± 9.34 | 6.32 | 0.002 | 0.042 | 2.30 | 0.012 | 0.127 |
Fat mass (Carter) (kg) | 5.16 ± 0.88 | 5.31 ± 1.01 | 5.42 ± 1.14 | 2.17 | 0.115 | 0.017 | 2.51 | 0.006 | 0.136 |
Fat mass (Carter) (%) | 6.79 ± 0.83 | 7.10 ± 1.01 | 7.26 ± 1.15 | 7.73 | 0.000 | 0.047 | 1.47 | 0.148 | 0.084 |
Fat mass (Faulkner) (kg) | 7.59 ± 1.02 | 7.74 ± 1.25 | 7.84 ± 1.38 | 1.31 | 0.271 | 0.006 | 2.70 | 0.003 | 0.145 |
Fat mass (Faulkner) (%) | 9.98 ± 0.82 | 10.35 ± 1.14 | 10.50 ± 1.24 | 7.57 | 0.001 | 0.031 | 1.14 | 0.333 | 0.067 |
Fat mass (Willmore) (kg) | 5.79 ± 1.43 | 6.30 ± 1.57 | 6.44 ± 1.83 | 5.79 | 0.003 | 0.025 | 2.30 | 0.012 | 0.126 |
Fat mass (Willmore) (%) | 7.59 ± 1.53 | 8.41 ± 1.73 | 8.61 ± 2.03 | 12.01 | 0.000 | 0.047 | 1.50 | 0.136 | 0.086 |
Adipose tissue (Kerr) (kg) | 14.90 ± 2.08 | 15.24 ± 2.35 | 15.45 ± 2.49 | 1.98 | 0.139 | 0.023 | 2.46 | 0.007 | 0.134 |
Adipose tissue (Kerr) (%) | 19.64 ± 2.12 | 20.43 ± 2.44 | 20.80 ± 2.59 | 8.27 | 0.000 | 0.063 | 1.50 | 0.136 | 0.086 |
Muscle mass (Lee) (kg) | 35.34 ± 3.05 | 34.60 ± 3.94 | 33.95 ± 3.18 | 4.71 | 0.010 | 0.027 | 1.90 | 0.042 | 0.107 |
Muscle mass (Lee) (%) | 46.49 ± 2.17 | 46.44 ± 3.90 | 45.70 ± 2.36 | 2.94 | 0.054 | 0.022 | 0.97 | 0.480 | 0.057 |
Bone mass (Rocha) (kg) | 13.23 ± 1.22 | 12.35 ± 1.27 | 12.55 ± 1.42 | 11.19 | 0.000 | 0.033 | 2.17 | 0.018 | 0.120 |
Bone mass (Rocha) (%) | 17.60 ± 1.13 | 16.61 ± 1.30 | 17.04 ± 1.61 | 13.07 | 0.000 | 0.046 | 1.51 | 0.131 | 0.087 |
Residual mass (kg) | 13.21 ± 3.50 | 12.62 ± 4.26 | 12.37 ± 3.50 | 0.76 | 0.470 | 0.002 | 1.72 | 0.073 | 0.097 |
Residual mass (%) | 17.24 ± 3.21 | 16.81 ± 4.54 | 16.60 ± 3.67 | 0.42 | 0.660 | 0.001 | 0.82 | 0.619 | 0.049 |
Endomorphy | 2.24 ± 0.41 | 2.34 ± 0.54 | 2.38 ± 0.53 | 2.70 | 0.068 | 0.015 | 0.84 | 0.601 | 0.050 |
Mesomorphy | 5.48 ± 0.98 | 4.65 ± 1.05 | 4.80 ± 0.89 | 22.12 | 0.000 | 0.034 | 1.55 | 0.116 | 0.089 |
Ectomorphy | 2.75 ± 0.73 | 2.74 ± 0.70 | 2.74 ± 0.74 | 0.03 | 0.972 | 0.002 | 0.98 | 0.471 | 0.058 |
Z sum of six skinfolds | −2.33 ± 0.20 | −2.25 ± 0.25 | −2.21 ± 0.28 | 7.73 | 0.000 | 0.047 | 1.47 | 0.148 | 0.084 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.14 ± 1.46 | 23.01 ± 1.34 | 23.00 ± 1.48 | 0.43 | 0.653 | 0.004 | 1.96 | 0.035 | 0.110 |
Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.80 ± 0.03 | 0.82 ± 0.03 | 0.81 ± 0.04 | 9.31 | 0.000 | 0.012 | 0.99 | 0.454 | 0.059 |
Fat distribution index | 0.83 ± 0.16 | 0.83 ± 0.21 | 0.90 ± 0.21 | 5.19 | 0.006 | 0.067 | 1.90 | 0.042 | 0.107 |
Variables | Second Division vs. Second B Division | Second Division vs. Third Division | Second B Division vs. Third Division | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean Difference ± SD | p Value | 95% CI | Mean Difference ± SD | p Value | 95% CI | Mean Difference ± SD | p Value | 95% CI | |
Triceps skinfold (mm) | −0.30 ± 0.24 | 0.647 | −0.87; 0.28 | −1.13 ± 0.26 | 0.000 | −1.75; −0.51 | −0.83 ± 0.21 | 0.000 | −1.35; −0.32 |
Biceps skinfold (mm) | 0.69 ± 0.23 | 0.009 | 0.14; 1.24 | 1.21 ± 0.24 | 0.000 | 0.63; 1.80 | 0.53 ± 0.17 | 0.006 | 0.12; 0.93 |
Iliac crest skinfold (mm) | −1.34 ± 0.42 | 0.005 | −2.36; −0.32 | −1.98 ± 0.45 | 0.000 | −3.06; −0.90 | −0.64 ± 0.31 | 0.122 | −1.39; 0.11 |
Supraspinale skinfold (mm) | −0.65 ± 0.24 | 0.019 | −1.22; −0.08 | −0.04 ± 0.26 | 1.000 | −0.65; 0.58 | 0.61 ± 0.21 | 0.012 | 0.11; 1.12 |
Abdominal skinfold (mm) | −1.31 ± 0.39 | 0.002 | −2.25; −0.38 | −2.24 ± 0.42 | 0.000 | −3.25; −1.23 | −0.92 ± 0.35 | 0.024 | −1.76; −0.09 |
Thigh skinfold (mm) | −0.70 ± 0.31 | 0.074 | −1.46; 0.05 | −1.31 ± 0.34 | 0.000 | −2.13; −0.50 | −0.61 ± 0.28 | 0.089 | −1.28; 0.06 |
Calf skinfold (mm) | −0.43 ± 0.17 | 0.031 | −0.84; −0.03 | −0.66 ± 0.18 | 0.001 | −1.09; −0.22 | −0.22 ± 0.15 | 0.405 | −0.59; 0.14 |
Arm flexed and tensed girth (cm) | 1.03 ± 0.25 | 0.000 | 0.44; 2.63 | 1.21 ± 0.26 | 0.000 | 0.59; 1.84 | 0.18 ± 0.21 | 1.000 | −0.32; 0.69 |
Hip girth (cm) | 4.02 ± 0.70 | 0.000 | 2.35; 5.69 | 3.76 ± 0.75 | 0.000 | 1.94; 5.57 | −0.26 ± 0.50 | 1.000 | −1.47; 0.94 |
Thigh middle girth (cm) | 0.20 ± 0.41 | 1.000 | −0.79; 1.19 | 1.00 ± 0.40 | 0.035 | 0.05; 1.95 | 0.80 ± 0.37 | 0.092 | −0.09; 1.68 |
Humerus breadth (cm) | 0.48 ± 0.05 | 0.000 | 0.35; 0.61 | 0.33 ± 0.06 | 0.000 | 0.19; 0.46 | 0.15 ± 0.05 | 0.006 | −0.27; −0.03 |
Bi-styloid breadth (cm) | 0.23 ± 0.06 | 0.000 | 0.09; 0.38 | 0.06 ± 0.06 | 1.000 | −0.10; 0.21 | −1.78 ± 0.05 | 0.002 | −0.30; −0.05 |
Femur breadth (cm) | 0.43 ± 0.07 | 0.000 | 0.27; 0.60 | 0.45 ± 0.07 | 0.000 | 0.28; 0.63 | 0.02 ± 0.06 | 1.000 | −0.13; 0.17 |
Sum of three skinfolds (cm) | −6.49 ± 0.83 | 0.000 | −8.48; −4.49 | −7.10 ± 0.91 | 0.000 | −9.28; −4.92 | −0.62 ± 0.74 | 1.000 | −2.39; 1.16 |
Sum of six skinfolds (cm) | −3.00 ± 1.06 | 0.015 | −5.55; −0.45 | −4.52 ± 1.15 | 0.000 | −7.29; −1.76 | −1.52 ± 0.90 | 0.275 | −3.69; 0.64 |
Corrected arm girth (cm) | 0.58 ± 0.24 | 0.057 | −0.01; 1.16 | 0.94 ± 0.26 | 0.001 | 0.32; 1.56 | 0.36 ± 0.21 | 0.261 | −0.15; 0.87 |
Corrected thigh girth (cm) | 0.42 ± 0.41 | 0.887 | −0.55; 1.40 | 1.34 ± 0.39 | 0.002 | 0.41; 2.28 | 0.92 ± 0.36 | 0.035 | 0.05; 1.79 |
Sum of corrected girths (cm) | 1.41 ± 1.05 | 0.537 | −1.11; 3.92 | 3.47 ± 1.00 | 0.002 | 1.05; 5.88 | 2.06 ± 0.93 | 0.083 | −0.18; 4.30 |
Fat mass (Carter) (%) | 0.31 ± 0.11 | 0.015 | −0.58; −0.05 | −0.47 ± 0.12 | 0.000 | −0.77; −0.18 | −0.16 ± 0.09 | 0.275 | −0.39 ± 0.07 |
Fat mass (Faulkner) (%) | 0.37 ± 0.12 | 0.010 | −0.67; 0.07 | −0.52 ± 0.13 | 0.000 | −0.84; −0.19 | −0.15 ± 0.11 | 0.528 | −0.42; 0.12 |
Fat mass (Willmore) (kg) | −5.04 ± 0.18 | 0.018 | −0.94; −0.06 | −0.65 ± 0.20 | 0.003 | −1.12; −0.18 | −0.15 ± 0.16 | 1.000 | −0.54; 0.25 |
Fat mass (Willmore) (%) | −0.82 ± 0.20 | 0.000 | −1.30; −0.34 | −1.02 ± 0.22 | 0.000 | −1.54; −0.50 | −0.20 ± 0.18 | 0.811 | −0.63; 0.23 |
Adipose tissue (Kerr) (%) | −0.79 ± 0.26 | 0.008 | −1.43; −0.16 | −1.16 ± 0.29 | 0.000 | −1.85; −0.47 | −0.37 ± 0.22 | 0.305 | −0.91; 0.17 |
Muscle mass (Lee) (kg) | 0.74 ± 0.47 | 0.361 | −0.40; 1.87 | 1.39 ± 0.45 | 0.007 | 0.30; 2.48 | 0.65 ± 0.42 | 0.368 | −0.36; 1.67 |
Bone mass (Rocha) (kg) | 0.88 ± 0.19 | 0.000 | 0.43; 1.33 | 0.68 ± 0.20 | 0.003 | 0.19; 1.18 | −0.20 ± 0.16 | 0.666 | −0.59; 0.19 |
Bone mass (Rocha) (%) | 0.99 ± 0.20 | 0.000 | 0.51; 1.46 | 0.56 ± 0.21 | 0.028 | 0.04; 1.07 | −0.43 ± 0.17 | 0.037 | −0.82; −0.02 |
Mesomorphy | 0.82 ± 0.13 | 0.000 | 0.52; 1.13 | 0.67 ± 0.14 | 0.000 | 0.35; 1.00 | 0.67 ± 0.14 | 0.000 | 0.35; 1.00 |
Z sum of six skinfolds | −0.08 ± 0.03 | 0.015 | −0.14; −0.01 | −0.11 ± 0.03 | 0.000 | −0.19; −0.04 | −0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.275 | −0.09; 0.02 |
Variable | Position Comparisons | Mean Difference ± SD | p Value | 95% CI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Second division | |||||
Body mass index (kg/m2) | Midfielders | Goalkeepers | −4.10 ± 1.52 | 0.047 | −8.16; −0.04 |
Second B division | |||||
Stretch stature (cm) | Midfielders | Defenders | −4.53 ± 1.56 | 0.026 | −8.70; −0.35 |
Midfielders | Goalkeepers | −6.76 ± 2.24 | 0.017 | −12.73; −0.79 | |
Third division | |||||
Body mass (kg) | Forwards | Midfielders | 10.65 ± 2.31 | 0.000 | 4.48; 16.82 |
Forwards | Defenders | 8.06 ± 2.36 | 0.005 | 1.75; 14.36 | |
Midfielders | Goalkeepers | −8.39 ± 2.78 | 0.017 | −15.80; −0.99 | |
Stretch stature (cm) | Forwards | Midfielders | 6.37 ± 2.02 | 0.011 | 0.99; 11.75 |
Forwards | Defenders | 5.55 ± 2.06 | 0.047 | 0.05; 11.04 | |
Midfielders | Goalkeepers | −6.73 ± 2.42 | 0.036 | −13.19; −0.27 | |
Arm relaxed girth (cm) | Forwards | Midfielders | 1.78 ± 0.57 | 0.013 | 0.26; 3.29 |
Arm flexed and tensed girth (cm) | Forwards | Midfielders | 1.74 ± 0.61 | 0.028 | 0.12; 3.37 |
Thigh middle girth (cm) | Forwards | Midfielders | 3.11 ± 0.91 | 0.005 | 0.67; 5.55 |
Humerus breadth (cm) | Forwards | Midfielders | 0.40 ± 0.13 | 0.016 | 0.05; 0.75 |
Corrected thigh girth (cm) | Forwards | Midfielders | 2.99 ± 0.90 | 0.007 | 0.57; 5.40 |
Sum of corrected girths (cm) | Forwards | Midfielders | 7.08 ± 2.02 | 0.004 | 1.68; 12.47 |
Fat mass (Carter) (kg) | Forwards | Midfielders | 1.15 ± 0.34 | 0.005 | 0.25; 2.04 |
Fat mass (Faulkner) (kg) | Forwards | Midfielders | 1.66 ± 0.40 | 0.000 | 0.58; 2.73 |
Forwards | Defenders | 1.20 ± 0.41 | 0.025 | 0.10; 2.30 | |
Fat mass (Willmore) (kg) | Forwards | Midfielders | 1.56 ± 0.52 | 0.018 | 0.18; 2.93 |
Adipose tissue (Kerr) (kg) | Forwards | Midfielders | 2.21 ± 0.76 | 0.023 | 0.19; 4.23 |
Muscle mass (Lee) (kg) | Forwards | Midfielders | 3.79 ± 1.17 | 0.009 | 0.66; 6.93 |
Bone mass (Rocha) (kg) | Midfielders | Goalkeepers | −1.60 ± 0.53 | 0.017 | −3.02; −0.19 |
Residual mass (kg) | Forwards | Midfielders | 3.65 ± 1.26 | 0.027 | 0.27; 7.02 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | Forwards | Midfielders | 1.60 ± 0.48 | 0.007 | 0.31; 2.88 |
Percentile | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 100 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Second division | ||||||||||
Body mass (kg) | 66.57 | 69.00 | 72.45 | 74.88 | 76.00 | 77.12 | 80.17 | 82.50 | 84.13 | 90.90 |
Stretch stature (cm) | 172.00 | 175.76 | 178.00 | 180.00 | 180.90 | 182.10 | 185.49 | 186.06 | 190.00 | 193.00 |
Triceps skinfold (mm) | 3.20 | 3.80 | 4.21 | 4.96 | 5.40 | 6.00 | 6.40 | 7.32 | 8.06 | 9.40 |
Subscapular skinfold (mm) | 5.80 | 6.28 | 7.00 | 7.08 | 7.45 | 7.82 | 8.40 | 8.86 | 9.52 | 13.30 |
Biceps skinfold (mm) | 2.60 | 2.80 | 3.01 | 3.20 | 3.70 | 4.12 | 6.07 | 7.00 | 7.75 | 10.50 |
Iliac crest skinfold (mm) | 4.97 | 5.70 | 6.20 | 7.00 | 7.10 | 7.82 | 8.79 | 9.52 | 10.60 | 13.40 |
Supraspinale skinfold (mm) | 4.27 | 4.60 | 5.00 | 5.40 | 5.80 | 6.00 | 6.59 | 7.52 | 8.86 | 14.90 |
Abdominal skinfold (mm) | 5.80 | 6.10 | 6.60 | 6.88 | 7.45 | 8.10 | 8.98 | 10.10 | 11.53 | 14.80 |
Thigh skinfold (mm) | 5.20 | 6.00 | 6.22 | 7.00 | 7.60 | 8.24 | 9.19 | 10.10 | 11.29 | 14.40 |
Calf skinfold (mm) | 3.20 | 3.60 | 3.80 | 4.00 | 4.20 | 4.52 | 4.80 | 5.20 | 6.00 | 10.10 |
Arm relaxed girth (cm) | 28.24 | 29.16 | 29.92 | 30.16 | 30.60 | 31.20 | 31.50 | 32.20 | 33.12 | 35.70 |
Arm flexed and tensed girth (cm) | 31.43 | 32.50 | 33.09 | 33.50 | 34.00 | 34.40 | 34.80 | 35.38 | 36.27 | 40.00 |
Waist girth (cm) | 74.09 | 75.86 | 77.49 | 78.62 | 79.30 | 80.00 | 80.55 | 81.38 | 82.41 | 87.80 |
Hip girth (cm) | 93.00 | 95.36 | 96.95 | 99.10 | 99.90 | 100.98 | 101.51 | 102.16 | 105.00 | 109.20 |
Thigh middle girth (cm) | 50.64 | 52.00 | 53.22 | 54.16 | 55.00 | 55.62 | 56.08 | 56.84 | 58.50 | 62.50 |
Calf girth (cm) | 35.00 | 35.98 | 36.60 | 37.10 | 37.65 | 38.02 | 38.70 | 39.30 | 40.16 | 42.20 |
Humerus breadth (cm) | 6.70 | 7.00 | 7.10 | 7.20 | 7.30 | 7.40 | 7.60 | 7.70 | 7.97 | 8.80 |
Bi-styloid breadth (cm) | 5.50 | 5.60 | 5.70 | 5.80 | 6.00 | 6.00 | 6.10 | 6.12 | 6.30 | 7.40 |
Femur breadth (cm) | 9.60 | 9.80 | 10.00 | 10.20 | 10.20 | 10.30 | 10.50 | 10.60 | 10.90 | 11.40 |
Sum of three skinfolds (cm) | 10.80 | 12.28 | 13.61 | 16.72 | 18.25 | 20.20 | 21.80 | 24.44 | 26.73 | 34.10 |
Sum of six skinfolds (cm) | 30.14 | 33.34 | 34.92 | 37.16 | 38.95 | 40.74 | 44.77 | 46.80 | 49.81 | 64.40 |
Sum of eight skinfolds (cm) | 40.70 | 44.08 | 47.65 | 49.16 | 51.60 | 56.22 | 57.97 | 60.06 | 64.85 | 80.30 |
Corrected arm girth (cm) | 26.30 | 27.34 | 27.96 | 28.51 | 28.95 | 29.56 | 30.23 | 30.62 | 31.85 | 34.54 |
Corrected thigh girth (cm) | 48.26 | 49.53 | 50.69 | 51.57 | 52.40 | 53.01 | 53.78 | 54.07 | 55.26 | 60.55 |
Corrected calf girth (cm) | 33.56 | 34.50 | 35.23 | 35.59 | 36.23 | 36.63 | 37.13 | 37.90 | 38.84 | 41.01 |
Sum of corrected girths (cm) | 109.30 | 112.83 | 114.27 | 116.46 | 118.33 | 119.61 | 120.68 | 122.29 | 124.45 | 131.87 |
Fat mass (Carter) (kg) | 4.01 | 4.41 | 4.71 | 4.91 | 5.07 | 5.25 | 5.54 | 5.88 | 6.22 | 7.83 |
Fat mass (Carter) (%) | 5.75 | 6.09 | 6.26 | 6.49 | 6.68 | 6.87 | 7.29 | 7.50 | 7.82 | 9.35 |
Fat mass (Faulkner) (kg) | 6.26 | 6.75 | 7.09 | 7.35 | 7.54 | 7.74 | 7.95 | 8.42 | 9.02 | 10.37 |
Fat mass (Faulkner) (%) | 8.99 | 9.33 | 9.49 | 9.64 | 9.84 | 10.09 | 10.39 | 10.72 | 11.02 | 12.53 |
Fat mass (Willmore) (kg) | 3.97 | 4.60 | 5.14 | 5.44 | 5.67 | 5.98 | 6.23 | 6.60 | 7.70 | 10.75 |
Fat mass (Willmore) (%) | 5.79 | 6.21 | 6.65 | 7.06 | 7.47 | 7.71 | 8.30 | 9.01 | 9.47 | 12.84 |
Adipose tissue (Kerr) (kg) | 12.00 | 13.29 | 13.71 | 14.11 | 14.52 | 15.27 | 15.78 | 16.58 | 17.58 | 20.94 |
Adipose tissue (Kerr) (%) | 17.00 | 17.90 | 18.49 | 18.70 | 19.22 | 19.83 | 20.70 | 21.47 | 22.84 | 25.03 |
Muscle mass (Lee) (kg) | 31.23 | 33.01 | 33.68 | 34.37 | 35.15 | 36.36 | 37.16 | 38.03 | 38.77 | 42.93 |
Muscle mass (Lee) (%) | 43.50 | 44.50 | 45.13 | 45.76 | 46.28 | 46.86 | 47.76 | 48.63 | 49.52 | 51.65 |
Bone mass (Rocha) (kg) | 11.82 | 12.17 | 12.53 | 12.93 | 13.24 | 13.50 | 13.86 | 14.31 | 14.81 | 16.39 |
Bone mass (Rocha) (%) | 16.30 | 16.68 | 16.99 | 17.27 | 17.55 | 17.86 | 18.03 | 18.41 | 18.99 | 21.20 |
Residual mass (kg) | 8.77 | 10.31 | 11.30 | 12.09 | 12.47 | 13.85 | 15.30 | 16.42 | 17.80 | 22.14 |
Residual mass (%) | 13.22 | 14.76 | 15.82 | 16.61 | 17.27 | 18.03 | 18.38 | 19.44 | 21.30 | 25.74 |
Endomorphy | 1.73 | 1.87 | 2.04 | 2.12 | 2.22 | 2.30 | 2.45 | 2.56 | 2.72 | 3.48 |
Mesomorphy | 4.33 | 4.72 | 4.91 | 5.13 | 5.47 | 5.65 | 6.02 | 6.38 | 6.79 | 8.09 |
Ectomorphy | 1.76 | 2.13 | 2.44 | 2.64 | 2.84 | 2.96 | 3.16 | 3.37 | 3.71 | 5.01 |
Z sum of six skinfolds | −2.58 | −2.50 | −2.46 | −2.40 | −2.35 | −2.31 | −2.21 | −2.15 | −2.08 | −1.71 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.42 | 22.06 | 22.37 | 22.72 | 22.96 | 23.39 | 23.71 | 24.26 | 24.93 | 29.07 |
Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.76 | 0.77 | 0.78 | 0.79 | 0.79 | 0.81 | 0.81 | 0.81 | 0.83 | 0.87 |
Fat distribution index | 0.63 | 0.69 | 0.74 | 0.78 | 0.82 | 0.86 | 0.92 | 0.97 | 1.04 | 1.31 |
Second B division | ||||||||||
Body mass (kg) | 65.50 | 68.34 | 70.80 | 72.70 | 74.30 | 76.00 | 78.00 | 80.58 | 84.00 | 95.90 |
Stretch stature (cm) | 172.00 | 174.00 | 176.00 | 178.00 | 180.00 | 181.50 | 184.00 | 185.26 | 188.00 | 197.00 |
Triceps skinfold (mm) | 3.00 | 3.50 | 4.44 | 5.00 | 5.90 | 6.40 | 7.00 | 7.44 | 8.74 | 14.80 |
Subscapular skinfold (mm) | 6.00 | 6.50 | 7.00 | 7.40 | 7.60 | 8.00 | 8.50 | 9.00 | 9.80 | 15.00 |
Biceps skinfold (mm) | 2.33 | 2.50 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.20 | 3.58 | 4.00 | 5.00 | 6.94 | 12.50 |
Iliac crest skinfold (mm) | 5.40 | 6.00 | 6.99 | 7.42 | 8.10 | 9.00 | 10.10 | 11.20 | 13.00 | 20.50 |
Supraspinale skinfold (mm) | 4.50 | 5.00 | 5.40 | 6.02 | 6.50 | 7.00 | 7.50 | 8.50 | 9.50 | 16.60 |
Abdominal skinfold (mm) | 5.80 | 6.46 | 7.00 | 7.60 | 8.60 | 9.50 | 10.31 | 11.50 | 14.91 | 23.00 |
Thigh skinfold (mm) | 5.73 | 6.40 | 7.00 | 7.70 | 8.25 | 9.00 | 9.80 | 11.00 | 12.44 | 21.00 |
Calf skinfold (mm) | 3.50 | 3.80 | 4.00 | 4.40 | 4.65 | 5.00 | 5.50 | 6.00 | 6.60 | 12.70 |
Arm relaxed girth (cm) | 28.20 | 28.90 | 29.48 | 30.00 | 30.50 | 30.90 | 31.20 | 31.58 | 32.20 | 36.10 |
Arm flexed and tensed girth (cm) | 30.50 | 31.30 | 32.10 | 32.60 | 33.00 | 33.40 | 33.90 | 34.58 | 35.04 | 38.90 |
Waist girth (cm) | 73.56 | 74.80 | 76.00 | 76.84 | 77.50 | 78.26 | 79.50 | 80.98 | 82.38 | 93.90 |
Hip girth (cm) | 90.86 | 92.00 | 92.80 | 93.82 | 94.90 | 95.96 | 97.02 | 98.00 | 100.58 | 107.00 |
Thigh middle girth (cm) | 50.46 | 52.02 | 53.00 | 53.80 | 54.70 | 55.46 | 56.20 | 57.08 | 58.19 | 62.60 |
Calf girth (cm) | 34.70 | 35.42 | 36.20 | 36.70 | 37.00 | 37.20 | 37.82 | 38.40 | 39.70 | 70.60 |
Humerus breadth (cm) | 6.30 | 6.60 | 6.70 | 6.80 | 6.90 | 7.00 | 7.10 | 7.20 | 7.40 | 7.80 |
Bi-styloid breadth (cm) | 5.20 | 5.40 | 5.50 | 5.60 | 5.70 | 5.70 | 5.80 | 6.00 | 6.20 | 7.50 |
Femur breadth (cm) | 9.16 | 9.40 | 9.50 | 9.70 | 9.90 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.20 | 10.40 | 11.30 |
Sum of three skinfolds (cm) | 17.30 | 19.00 | 20.00 | 21.50 | 23.50 | 25.06 | 27.26 | 30.48 | 36.04 | 53.00 |
Sum of six skinfolds (cm) | 32.03 | 34.56 | 37.12 | 39.50 | 41.25 | 43.50 | 47.00 | 50.38 | 55.49 | 81.90 |
Sum of eight skinfolds (cm) | 42.80 | 46.15 | 49.00 | 51.40 | 54.25 | 56.76 | 61.01 | 65.16 | 73.14 | 103.30 |
Corrected arm girth (cm) | 26.27 | 27.01 | 27.50 | 28.05 | 28.50 | 28.94 | 29.40 | 29.93 | 30.84 | 35.63 |
Corrected thigh girth (cm) | 47.92 | 49.19 | 50.14 | 51.40 | 52.16 | 52.48 | 53.30 | 54.07 | 55.60 | 60.12 |
Corrected calf girth (cm) | 33.15 | 33.85 | 34.51 | 35.02 | 35.31 | 35.74 | 36.34 | 36.79 | 38.09 | 69.50 |
Sum of corrected girths (cm) | 108.58 | 111.88 | 112.91 | 114.71 | 115.96 | 117.20 | 118.84 | 120.53 | 123.68 | 151.60 |
Fat mass (Carter) (kg) | 4.24 | 4.48 | 4.69 | 4.91 | 5.24 | 5.45 | 5.66 | 6.03 | 6.52 | 10.63 |
Fat mass (Carter) (%) | 5.95 | 6.22 | 6.49 | 6.74 | 6.92 | 7.16 | 7.52 | 7.88 | 8.42 | 11.19 |
Fat mass (Faulkner) (kg) | 6.33 | 6.67 | 6.95 | 7.19 | 7.64 | 7.92 | 8.23 | 8.64 | 9.42 | 13.56 |
Fat mass (Faulkner) (%) | 9.15 | 9.39 | 9.62 | 9.84 | 10.19 | 10.43 | 10.76 | 11.22 | 12.02 | 14.27 |
Fat mass (Willmore) (kg) | 4.66 | 5.04 | 5.36 | 5.70 | 6.12 | 6.38 | 6.81 | 7.30 | 8.34 | 14.31 |
Fat mass (Willmore) (%) | 6.48 | 6.98 | 7.48 | 7.80 | 8.16 | 8.50 | 9.08 | 9.70 | 10.82 | 15.07 |
Adipose tissue (Kerr) (kg) | 12.51 | 13.24 | 13.86 | 14.31 | 14.89 | 15.64 | 16.30 | 17.01 | 18.15 | 24.60 |
Adipose tissue (Kerr) (%) | 17.65 | 18.30 | 18.78 | 19.56 | 20.39 | 21.02 | 21.59 | 22.27 | 23.80 | 28.34 |
Muscle mass (Lee) (kg) | 30.50 | 31.73 | 32.80 | 33.68 | 34.40 | 35.11 | 35.82 | 36.71 | 38.39 | 63.87 |
Muscle mass (Lee) (%) | 43.07 | 44.32 | 45.17 | 45.64 | 46.15 | 46.63 | 47.21 | 48.22 | 49.62 | 79.53 |
Bone mass (Rocha) (kg) | 10.67 | 11.09 | 11.55 | 12.13 | 12.45 | 12.75 | 13.09 | 13.39 | 14.14 | 15.76 |
Bone mass (Rocha) (%) | 15.06 | 15.48 | 15.86 | 16.22 | 16.64 | 16.98 | 17.30 | 17.59 | 18.11 | 23.69 |
Residual mass (kg) | 8.38 | 9.96 | 10.73 | 11.51 | 12.62 | 13.22 | 14.48 | 15.39 | 17.48 | 26.06 |
Residual mass (%) | 12.82 | 14.49 | 15.20 | 16.13 | 16.77 | 18.26 | 19.07 | 19.80 | 20.86 | 27.17 |
Endomorphy | 1.70 | 1.91 | 2.04 | 2.15 | 2.28 | 2.45 | 2.56 | 2.72 | 3.08 | 3.88 |
Mesomorphy | 3.46 | 4.00 | 4.21 | 4.41 | 4.65 | 4.91 | 5.10 | 5.36 | 5.77 | 10.86 |
Ectomorphy | 1.79 | 2.07 | 2.36 | 2.56 | 2.72 | 2.93 | 3.15 | 3.40 | 3.66 | 4.52 |
Z sum of six skinfolds | −2.53 | −2.47 | −2.40 | −2.34 | −2.30 | −2.24 | −2.15 | −2.06 | −1.93 | −1.26 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.47 | 21.83 | 22.21 | 22.54 | 22.90 | 23.23 | 23.75 | 24.14 | 24.76 | 27.46 |
Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.78 | 0.79 | 0.80 | 0.81 | 0.82 | 0.82 | 0.83 | 0.84 | 0.85 | 0.91 |
Fat distribution index | 0.59 | 0.67 | 0.72 | 0.78 | 0.82 | 0.85 | 0.91 | 0.98 | 1.14 | 1.87 |
Third division | ||||||||||
Body mass (kg) | 65.60 | 69.20 | 70.90 | 72.40 | 73.30 | 75.40 | 78.20 | 80.10 | 83.10 | 93.50 |
Stretch stature (cm) | 172.10 | 175.00 | 176.30 | 178.00 | 180.00 | 181.00 | 182.50 | 184.00 | 187.00 | 194.80 |
Triceps skinfold (mm) | 4.00 | 5.00 | 5.28 | 6.00 | 6.50 | 7.00 | 7.50 | 8.74 | 9.50 | 14.50 |
Subscapular skinfold (mm) | 6.00 | 6.50 | 7.00 | 7.04 | 7.50 | 7.80 | 8.20 | 8.50 | 9.50 | 12.50 |
Biceps skinfold (mm) | 2.40 | 2.58 | 2.80 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.50 | 4.00 | 4.02 | 4.91 | 6.50 |
Iliac crest skinfold (mm) | 6.00 | 6.88 | 7.20 | 8.46 | 9.10 | 10.00 | 11.00 | 12.00 | 13.62 | 20.50 |
Supraspinale skinfold (mm) | 4.20 | 4.72 | 5.00 | 5.40 | 5.80 | 6.20 | 6.62 | 7.40 | 8.88 | 14.00 |
Abdominal skinfold (mm) | 6.00 | 7.00 | 7.60 | 8.40 | 9.00 | 10.46 | 12.04 | 14.48 | 16.00 | 23.10 |
Thigh skinfold (mm) | 5.56 | 6.50 | 7.40 | 8.00 | 8.90 | 10.00 | 10.84 | 11.80 | 13.00 | 21.00 |
Calf skinfold (mm) | 3.32 | 3.64 | 4.00 | 4.44 | 5.00 | 5.20 | 6.00 | 6.38 | 7.00 | 14.50 |
Arm relaxed girth (cm) | 27.68 | 28.76 | 29.20 | 29.70 | 30.05 | 30.58 | 31.40 | 32.00 | 33.00 | 37.40 |
Arm flexed and tensed girth (cm) | 30.30 | 31.04 | 31.70 | 32.00 | 32.55 | 33.20 | 33.98 | 34.50 | 35.50 | 40.20 |
Waist girth (cm) | 71.91 | 73.94 | 75.23 | 76.32 | 77.00 | 77.76 | 78.84 | 80.68 | 82.89 | 91.30 |
Hip girth (cm) | 90.00 | 91.52 | 93.80 | 94.44 | 95.30 | 96.52 | 98.20 | 99.64 | 101.63 | 110.60 |
Thigh middle girth (cm) | 49.50 | 51.40 | 52.00 | 53.20 | 53.95 | 54.60 | 55.20 | 56.06 | 57.66 | 60.70 |
Calf girth (cm) | 34.65 | 35.36 | 36.40 | 36.88 | 37.45 | 37.80 | 38.29 | 38.70 | 39.93 | 42.30 |
Humerus breadth (cm) | 6.60 | 6.80 | 6.80 | 6.94 | 7.00 | 7.10 | 7.20 | 7.30 | 7.50 | 8.00 |
Bi-styloid breadth (cm) | 5.30 | 5.50 | 5.60 | 5.80 | 5.80 | 5.90 | 6.02 | 6.10 | 6.30 | 9.50 |
Femur breadth (cm) | 9.26 | 9.40 | 9.60 | 9.70 | 9.90 | 9.90 | 10.00 | 10.20 | 10.40 | 11.00 |
Sum of three skinfolds (cm) | 17.06 | 18.54 | 20.16 | 21.66 | 23.80 | 26.00 | 29.42 | 32.96 | 36.96 | 52.00 |
Sum of six skinfolds (cm) | 32.50 | 35.20 | 37.00 | 40.40 | 42.00 | 45.80 | 49.30 | 53.50 | 60.00 | 83.00 |
Sum of eight skinfolds (cm) | 41.20 | 46.20 | 47.70 | 50.50 | 54.00 | 58.20 | 63.85 | 69.50 | 76.05 | 107.50 |
Corrected arm girth (cm) | 25.64 | 26.50 | 27.16 | 27.52 | 28.02 | 28.50 | 29.20 | 29.92 | 30.77 | 35.26 |
Corrected thigh girth (cm) | 46.78 | 48.25 | 49.21 | 50.04 | 51.01 | 51.65 | 52.32 | 53.21 | 54.66 | 57.68 |
Corrected calf girth (cm) | 33.00 | 34.02 | 34.70 | 35.34 | 35.73 | 36.05 | 36.76 | 37.31 | 38.34 | 41.04 |
Sum of corrected girths (cm) | 106.58 | 108.69 | 110.90 | 113.49 | 114.73 | 116.12 | 117.76 | 119.34 | 122.59 | 130.31 |
Fat mass (Carter) (kg) | 4.18 | 4.51 | 4.73 | 4.95 | 5.20 | 5.40 | 5.86 | 6.28 | 7.15 | 10.01 |
Fat mass (Carter) (%) | 6.00 | 6.28 | 6.47 | 6.83 | 7.00 | 7.40 | 7.77 | 8.21 | 8.89 | 11.31 |
Fat mass (Faulkner) (kg) | 6.40 | 6.71 | 7.05 | 7.27 | 7.61 | 7.88 | 8.31 | 9.08 | 9.70 | 12.36 |
Fat mass (Faulkner) (%) | 9.15 | 9.47 | 9.76 | 9.94 | 10.16 | 10.53 | 10.99 | 11.60 | 12.35 | 14.31 |
Fat mass (Willmore) (kg) | 4.39 | 5.00 | 5.28 | 5.66 | 6.08 | 6.42 | 7.26 | 7.88 | 9.25 | 13.47 |
Fat mass (Willmore) (%) | 6.39 | 6.93 | 7.23 | 7.74 | 8.33 | 8.88 | 9.50 | 10.39 | 11.43 | 15.23 |
Adipose tissue (Kerr) (kg) | 12.67 | 13.31 | 13.85 | 14.55 | 15.15 | 15.67 | 16.38 | 17.78 | 19.07 | 24.11 |
Adipose tissue (Kerr) (%) | 17.55 | 18.57 | 19.27 | 20.17 | 20.65 | 21.00 | 22.17 | 22.90 | 24.17 | 28.95 |
Muscle mass (Lee) (kg) | 30.28 | 31.21 | 32.25 | 32.98 | 33.60 | 34.51 | 35.48 | 36.43 | 38.11 | 44.41 |
Muscle mass (Lee) (%) | 42.78 | 43.85 | 44.33 | 45.10 | 45.60 | 46.36 | 46.79 | 47.73 | 49.05 | 51.91 |
Bone mass (Rocha) (kg) | 10.86 | 11.47 | 11.84 | 12.19 | 12.48 | 12.91 | 13.36 | 13.71 | 14.31 | 17.53 |
Bone mass (Rocha) (%) | 15.31 | 15.89 | 16.48 | 16.81 | 17.21 | 17.36 | 17.71 | 18.02 | 18.50 | 25.71 |
Residual mass (kg) | 8.47 | 10.18 | 10.99 | 11.55 | 12.41 | 12.92 | 13.88 | 14.67 | 15.59 | 29.76 |
Residual mass (%) | 12.50 | 14.08 | 15.45 | 16.28 | 17.07 | 17.67 | 17.99 | 18.66 | 20.05 | 32.81 |
Endomorphy | 1.80 | 1.96 | 2.08 | 2.16 | 2.26 | 2.43 | 2.60 | 2.79 | 3.15 | 3.94 |
Mesomorphy | 3.78 | 4.05 | 4.37 | 4.61 | 4.79 | 5.03 | 5.27 | 5.51 | 5.88 | 6.96 |
Ectomorphy | 1.85 | 2.10 | 2.33 | 2.51 | 2.75 | 2.89 | 3.11 | 3.29 | 3.71 | 5.28 |
Z sum of six skinfolds | −2.52 | −2.45 | −2.40 | −2.32 | −2.28 | −2.18 | −2.09 | −1.98 | −1.82 | −1.23 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.36 | 21.82 | 22.19 | 22.63 | 22.99 | 23.28 | 23.65 | 24.19 | 25.17 | 26.62 |
Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.76 | 0.77 | 0.79 | 0.80 | 0.81 | 0.82 | 0.83 | 0.84 | 0.86 | 0.92 |
Fat distribution index | 0.66 | 0.73 | 0.78 | 0.80 | 0.86 | 0.91 | 0.97 | 1.04 | 1.18 | 1.61 |
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Porta, M.; Sebastiá-Rico, J.; Martínez-Sanz, J.M.; Contreras, C.; Vaquero-Cristóbal, R.; López-Cáceres, P.A. Anthropometric Values in Spanish Elite Soccer: Differences between Divisions and Playing Positions. Appl. Sci. 2023, 13, 11441. https://doi.org/10.3390/app132011441
Porta M, Sebastiá-Rico J, Martínez-Sanz JM, Contreras C, Vaquero-Cristóbal R, López-Cáceres PA. Anthropometric Values in Spanish Elite Soccer: Differences between Divisions and Playing Positions. Applied Sciences. 2023; 13(20):11441. https://doi.org/10.3390/app132011441
Chicago/Turabian StylePorta, Mireia, Jaime Sebastiá-Rico, José Miguel Martínez-Sanz, Carlos Contreras, Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal, and Pablo A. López-Cáceres. 2023. "Anthropometric Values in Spanish Elite Soccer: Differences between Divisions and Playing Positions" Applied Sciences 13, no. 20: 11441. https://doi.org/10.3390/app132011441
APA StylePorta, M., Sebastiá-Rico, J., Martínez-Sanz, J. M., Contreras, C., Vaquero-Cristóbal, R., & López-Cáceres, P. A. (2023). Anthropometric Values in Spanish Elite Soccer: Differences between Divisions and Playing Positions. Applied Sciences, 13(20), 11441. https://doi.org/10.3390/app132011441