The Role of Auditory and Visual Components in Reading Training: No Additional Effect of Synchronized Visual Cue in a Rhythm-Based Intervention for Dyslexia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Interventions
2.4. Measures
2.4.1. Primary Outcomes
2.4.2. Secondary Outcomes
2.5. Analytic Plan
3. Results
3.1. Participants’ Characteristics
3.2. RRT Immediate Effects
3.2.1. Pre-Post Effects on Primary Outcomes
3.2.2. Pre-Post Effects on Secondary Outcomes
3.3. RRT Medium-Term Effects
3.3.1. Pre-Follow-Up Effects on Primary Outcomes
3.3.2. Pre-Follow-Up Effects on Secondary Outcomes
4. Discussion and Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Visual Cue | Rhythm | No Intervention | |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 10.7 (1.71) | 10.6 (1.41) | 11.0 (1.89) |
Sex 1 | |||
Male | 12 (57.1) | 12 (57.1) | 8 (50.0) |
Female | 9 (42.9) | 9 (42.9) | 8 (50.0) |
Total IQ 2 | 104 (13.3) | 104 (10.3) | 101 (10.4) |
Pre-test reading | |||
Speed (z-scores) | −1.81 (0.71) | −1.73 (0.69) | −1.66 (0.57) |
Accuracy (z-scores) | −2.62 (2.17) | −2.11 (1.49) | −3.25 (2.72) |
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Cancer, A.; De Salvatore, M.; Granocchio, E.; Andreoli, L.; Antonietti, A.; Sarti, D. The Role of Auditory and Visual Components in Reading Training: No Additional Effect of Synchronized Visual Cue in a Rhythm-Based Intervention for Dyslexia. Appl. Sci. 2022, 12, 3360. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12073360
Cancer A, De Salvatore M, Granocchio E, Andreoli L, Antonietti A, Sarti D. The Role of Auditory and Visual Components in Reading Training: No Additional Effect of Synchronized Visual Cue in a Rhythm-Based Intervention for Dyslexia. Applied Sciences. 2022; 12(7):3360. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12073360
Chicago/Turabian StyleCancer, Alice, Marinella De Salvatore, Elisa Granocchio, Luca Andreoli, Alessandro Antonietti, and Daniela Sarti. 2022. "The Role of Auditory and Visual Components in Reading Training: No Additional Effect of Synchronized Visual Cue in a Rhythm-Based Intervention for Dyslexia" Applied Sciences 12, no. 7: 3360. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12073360