Effects of Lead, Copper and Cadmium on Bioaccumulation and Translocation Factors and Biosynthesis of Photosynthetic Pigments in Vicia faba L. (Broad Beans) at Different Stages of Growth

Saadaoui, Wassim; Gamboa-Rosales, Hamurabi; Sifuentes-Gallardo, Claudia; Durán-Muñoz, Héctor; Abrougui, Khaoula; Mohammadi, Ali; Tarchoun, Neji

doi:10.3390/app12188941

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Effects of Lead, Copper and Cadmium on Bioaccumulation and Translocation Factors and Biosynthesis of Photosynthetic Pigments in Vicia faba L. (Broad Beans) at Different Stages of Growth

by

Wassim Saadaoui

^1,*,

Hamurabi Gamboa-Rosales

²

,

Claudia Sifuentes-Gallardo

²,

Héctor Durán-Muñoz

^2,*

,

Khaoula Abrougui

¹

,

Ali Mohammadi

³

and

Neji Tarchoun

¹

High Agronomic Institute of ChottMariem, University of Sousse, Sousse 4042, Tunisia

²

Unidad Académica de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Jardín Juarez 147, Centro Historico, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico

³

Department of Engineering and Chemical Sciences, Karlstad University, 65188 Karlstad, Sweden

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(18), 8941; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12188941

Submission received: 9 August 2022 / Revised: 2 September 2022 / Accepted: 3 September 2022 / Published: 6 September 2022

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Knowledge-Based Biotechnology for Food, Agriculture and Fisheries)

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Abstract

Trace elements in the environmental media contribute to toxicities of different types. Their presence in the arable pedosphere is a human-health risk factor. This study focused on Vicia faba represented by two Tunisian varieties of bean (Mamdouh) and faba bean (Badii). The objective was to analyze the effects of lead, copper and cadmium on their growth, chlorophyll-content and carotenoids-content, as well as the bioaccumulation and translocation factor, at different stages of growth. For each metal, the concentrations the plants were subjected to were 6, 0.3 and 0.03 mg/L of the metal in the compound for lead nitrate, copper nitrate and cadmium acetate, respectively. The analysis was carried out using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (ICP-MS), encompassing all the parts of the plant. The authors detected a perceptible decrease in the fresh weight of roots and shoots, as well as a drop in the chlorophyll and carotenoid, for all the three heavy metals. Cadmium turned out to be the most toxic of the three metals and copper (which is incidentally an essential micronutrient for plant growth) the least. As far as the bioaccumulation factor was concerned, bean and faba bean exhibited different behaviours, both with regard to the growth stages and the heavy metal absorbed. During the vegetative growth stage, both were accumulators of all the three heavy metals (a translocation factor less than unity). However, in the flowering stage, faba bean was a hyper-accumulator of copper (TF > 1); while the bean plants accumulated a lot of lead in the pods-stage (TF > 1). It is worthwhile to pose new research questions and try to answer them in this study, if legumes are accumulator or hyper accumulator plants in which stage and in where organ accumulate more HMs.

Keywords: bioaccumulation factor; growth stage; heavy metals; translocation factor; photosynthetic pigments; Vicia faba

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MDPI and ACS Style

Saadaoui, W.; Gamboa-Rosales, H.; Sifuentes-Gallardo, C.; Durán-Muñoz, H.; Abrougui, K.; Mohammadi, A.; Tarchoun, N. Effects of Lead, Copper and Cadmium on Bioaccumulation and Translocation Factors and Biosynthesis of Photosynthetic Pigments in Vicia faba L. (Broad Beans) at Different Stages of Growth. Appl. Sci. 2022, 12, 8941. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12188941

AMA Style

Saadaoui W, Gamboa-Rosales H, Sifuentes-Gallardo C, Durán-Muñoz H, Abrougui K, Mohammadi A, Tarchoun N. Effects of Lead, Copper and Cadmium on Bioaccumulation and Translocation Factors and Biosynthesis of Photosynthetic Pigments in Vicia faba L. (Broad Beans) at Different Stages of Growth. Applied Sciences. 2022; 12(18):8941. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12188941

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saadaoui, Wassim, Hamurabi Gamboa-Rosales, Claudia Sifuentes-Gallardo, Héctor Durán-Muñoz, Khaoula Abrougui, Ali Mohammadi, and Neji Tarchoun. 2022. "Effects of Lead, Copper and Cadmium on Bioaccumulation and Translocation Factors and Biosynthesis of Photosynthetic Pigments in Vicia faba L. (Broad Beans) at Different Stages of Growth" Applied Sciences 12, no. 18: 8941. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12188941

APA Style

Saadaoui, W., Gamboa-Rosales, H., Sifuentes-Gallardo, C., Durán-Muñoz, H., Abrougui, K., Mohammadi, A., & Tarchoun, N. (2022). Effects of Lead, Copper and Cadmium on Bioaccumulation and Translocation Factors and Biosynthesis of Photosynthetic Pigments in Vicia faba L. (Broad Beans) at Different Stages of Growth. Applied Sciences, 12(18), 8941. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12188941

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Effects of Lead, Copper and Cadmium on Bioaccumulation and Translocation Factors and Biosynthesis of Photosynthetic Pigments in Vicia faba L. (Broad Beans) at Different Stages of Growth

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