Effects of Synbiotic Preparation Containing Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17 on Body Fat in Obese Dogs: A Pilot Study
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethics Statement
2.2. Animals
2.3. Test Substance
2.4. Body Weight and BCS
2.5. Abdominal Radiography
2.6. Computed Tomography
2.7. Sample Collection and Total DNA Extraction
2.8. 16S rRNA Gene PCR
2.9. 16S rRNA Gene Library Preparation and MiSeq Sequencing
2.10. 16S rRNA Gene Analysis
2.11. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Differences in Body Fat Status before and after Synbiotic Preparation Containing L. Gasseri BNR17 Administration
3.2. Alpha Diversity Analysis of the Microbiota in Obese Dogs
3.3. Beta Diversity Analysis of the Microbiota in Obese Dogs
3.4. Functional Analysis of the Microbiota in Obese Dogs
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group | Age (Year) | Sex | Breed |
---|---|---|---|
Obese Dogs | 8.59 ± 3.81 | Spayed Female (3) | Beagle (3) |
Female (1) | Spitz (1) | ||
Castrated male (1) | Yorkshire Terrier (1) |
Item | Percentage |
---|---|
L. gasseri BNR17 | 6.00% |
L. plantarum | 3.40% |
Galacto-oligosaccharides | 6.00% |
Fructo-oligosaccharides | 6.00% |
Non-digestible maltodextrin | 18.30% |
Polydextrose | 60.00% |
GOX | 0.30% |
Total | 100% |
Variables | Time Point | t/Z | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
0–Week | 10–Week | |||
Body weight (kg) | 14.0 (9.15–21.38) | 13.5 (8.60–19.00) | −2.023 | 0.043 * |
Body condition score | 9.0 (7.75–9.00) | 7.5 (7.00–8.25) | −2.041 | 0.041 * |
Ratio of subcutaneous fat thickness at L3 | 1.61 ± 0.09 | 1.51 ± 0.08 | 1.466 | 0.216 |
Ratio of subcutaneous fat thickness at L6 | 2.46 ± 0.25 | 2.33 ± 0.17 | 1.569 | 0.192 |
Subcutaneous fat area at L3 (cm2) | 99.86 ± 15.57 | 82.70 ± 13.92 | 3.244 | 0.032 * |
Proportion of subcutaneous fat area at L3 (%) | 36.14 ± 2.44 | 31.05 ± 3.24 | 4.355 | 0.012 * |
Subcutaneous fat area at L6 (cm2) | 130.91 ± 25.98 | 111.27 ± 18.20 | 1.612 | 0.182 |
Proportion of subcutaneous fat area at L6 (%) | 48.03 (45.75–59.64) | 44.10 (40.15−53.33) | −1.753 | 0.080 |
Alpha Diversity | Obesity | p | |
---|---|---|---|
0–Week | 10–Week | ||
Observed OTUs | 824.40 ± 176.07 | 1202.20 ± 141.07 | 0.52 |
Chao1 | 3155.85 ± 1062.21 | 3397.39 ± 431.51 | 0.68 |
Shannon | 2.97 ± 0.49 | 3.92 ± 0.35 | 0.99 |
Simpson | 0.71 ± 0.12 | 0.86 ± 0.04 | 0.99 |
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Lee, H.-J.; Cho, J.H.; Cho, W.-J.; Gang, S.-H.; Park, S.-H.; Jung, B.-J.; Kim, H.B.; Song, K.H. Effects of Synbiotic Preparation Containing Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17 on Body Fat in Obese Dogs: A Pilot Study. Animals 2022, 12, 642. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12050642
Lee H-J, Cho JH, Cho W-J, Gang S-H, Park S-H, Jung B-J, Kim HB, Song KH. Effects of Synbiotic Preparation Containing Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17 on Body Fat in Obese Dogs: A Pilot Study. Animals. 2022; 12(5):642. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12050642
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Han-Joon, Jae Hyoung Cho, Woo-Jae Cho, Seong-Ho Gang, Seung-Hwan Park, Bong-Jun Jung, Hyeun Bum Kim, and Kun Ho Song. 2022. "Effects of Synbiotic Preparation Containing Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17 on Body Fat in Obese Dogs: A Pilot Study" Animals 12, no. 5: 642. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12050642
APA StyleLee, H. -J., Cho, J. H., Cho, W. -J., Gang, S. -H., Park, S. -H., Jung, B. -J., Kim, H. B., & Song, K. H. (2022). Effects of Synbiotic Preparation Containing Lactobacillus gasseri BNR17 on Body Fat in Obese Dogs: A Pilot Study. Animals, 12(5), 642. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12050642