An Analysis of Veterinary Practitioners’ Intention to Intervene in Animal Abuse Cases in South Korea
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Questionnaire
2.2. Data Collection and Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Respondents’ Demographic Characteristics and Responses to Witnessing Animal Abuse
3.2. Belief in the “Link” between Animal Abuse and Violence toward Humans and Belief in a Veterinarian’s Obligation
3.3. Interventions and Barriers Related to Intervening in Animal Abuse Cases
3.4. Predictors of the Veterinarians’ Intention to Intervene in Animal Abuse Cases
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. Questionnaires
- 1)
- None
- 2)
- Less than once (per year)
- 3)
- 2–3 times (per year)
- 4)
- 4–11 times (per year)
- 5)
- More than 12 times (per year)
- -
- Open answers
- -
- 5-point Likert scale (1: “definitely do not” to 5: “definitely do”)
- -
- 5-point Likert scale (1: “definitely do not” to 5: “definitely do”)
- 1)
- Difficulty in assuring the animal’s safety and welfare after reporting a suspected animal abuse case
- 2)
- Uncertainty in identifying animal abuse
- 3)
- Concern about breaching clients’ confidentiality
- 4)
- Lack of knowledge about how to stop abuse and support victim
- 5)
- Fear of losing income and clients
- 6)
- Others (open answers)
- -
- 5-point Likert scale (1: “strongly disagree” to 5: “strongly agree”)
- -
- 5-point Likert scale (1: “strongly disagree” to 5: “strongly agree”)
- -
- 5-point Likert scale (1: “strongly disagree” to 5: “strongly agree”)
- -
- 5-point Likert scale (1: “strongly disagree” to 5: “strongly agree”)
- 1)
- Yes
- 2)
- No
- -
- 5-point Likert scale (1: “strongly disagree” to 5: “strongly agree”)
- It is morally wrong to hunt wild animals just for sport.
- I do not think that there is anything wrong with using animals in medical research. **
- I think it is perfectly acceptable for cattle and hogs to be raised for human consumption. **
- Basically, humans have the right to use animals as we see fit. **
- The slaughter of whales and dolphins should be immediately stopped even if it means some people will be put out of work.
- I sometimes get upset when I see wild animals in cages at zoos.
- Breeding animals for their skins is a legitimate use of animals. **
- Some aspects of biology can only be learned through dissecting preserved animals such as cats.**
- It is unethical to breed purebred dogs for pets when millions of dogs are killed in animal shelters each year.
- The use of animals such as rabbits for testing the safety of cosmetics and household products is unnecessary and should be stopped.
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Individual Characteristics | N (%) | Pro-animal Attitude M (SD) | Witnessed Animal Abuse | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | |||
Gender | t = −10.08, p < 0.001 | χ2 = 7.313, p < 0.01 | ||
Females | 137 (23.1%) | 34.6 (4.6) | 128 (93.4%) | 9 (6.6%) |
Males | 456 (76.9%) | 30.4 (4.3) | 385 (84.4%) | 71 (15.6%) |
Age Group | F = 6.675, p < 0.001 | χ2 = 23.537, p < 0.001 | ||
Under 30 y | 46 (7.8%) | 33.4 (3.6) a | 43 (93.5%) a | 3 (6.5%) |
30–39 y | 173 (29.2%) | 32.1 (4.9) ab | 157 (90.8%) a | 16 (9.2%) |
40–49 y | 222 (37.4%) | 31.2 (5.1) bc | 196 (88.3%) a | 26 (11.7%) |
50–59 y | 106 (17.9%) | 30.4 (4.4) c | 86 (81.1%) ab | 20 (18.9%) |
60–69 y | 34 (5.7%) | 29.1 (3.6) c | 24 (70.6%) b | 10 (29.4%) |
Over 70 y | 12 (2%) | 28.2 (2.6) c | 7 (58.3%) b | 5 (41.7%) |
Practice type | t = −4.92, p < 0.001 | χ2 = 20.937, p < 0.001 | ||
Large animal | 81 (13.7%) | 29 (4) | 57 (70.4%) | 24 (29.6%) |
Small animal | 512 (86.3%) | 31.7 (4.7) | 456 (89.1%) | 56 (10.9%) |
Total | 593 (100%) | 31.3 (4.7) | 513 (86.5%) | 80 (13.5%) |
Frequency | None | Less than Once | 2–3 Times | 4–11 Times | More than 12 Times |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | 80 (13.5%) | 177 (29.8%) | 177 (29.8%) | 93 (15.7%) | 66 (11.1%) |
Belief | Strongly Agree | Agree | Neutral | Disagree | Strongly Disagree |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Belief—abuse | 197 (33.2%) | 240 (40.5%) | 92 (15.5%) | 51 (8.6%) | 13 (2.2%) |
Belief—crime | 203 (34.2%) | 245 (41.3%) | 94 (15.9%) | 42 (7.1%) | 9 (1.5%) |
Moral obligation | 96 (16.2%) | 330 (55.6%) | 118 (19.9%) | 38 (6.4%) | 11 (1.9%) |
Legal obligation | 36 (6.1%) | 135 (22.8%) | 167 (28.2%) | 174 (29.3%) | 81 (13.7%) |
Intervention | Definitely Do | Probably Do | Neutral | Probably Do Not | Definitely Do Not |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Counseling | 208 (35.1%) | 234 (39.5%) | 96 (16.2%) | 48 (8.1%) | 7 (1.2%) |
Reporting | 89 (15%) | 199 (33.6%) | 156 (26.3%) | 120 (20.2%) | 29 (4.9%) |
Barriers | N (%) |
---|---|
Difficulty in assuring the animal’s safety and welfare after reporting a suspected animal abuse case | 404 (68.1%) |
Uncertainty in identifying animal abuse | 172 (29%) |
Concern about breaching clients’ confidentiality | 141 (23.8%) |
Lack of knowledge about how to stop abuse and support victim | 129 (21.8%) |
Fear of losing income and clients | 83 (14%) |
Others (open answers) | 58 (9.8%) |
Categories | Variables | Model 1 (Personal) | Model 2 (Belief-Link) | Model 3 (Belief-Duty) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | SE | β | B | SE | β | B | SE | β | ||
Intention to counsel | Sex | 0.055 | 0.105 | 0.024 | −0.001 | 0.101 | 0.000 | 0.063 | 0.094 | 0.028 |
Age | 0.071 | 0.040 | 0.080 | 0.084 | 0.038 | 0.094 * | 0.051 | 0.036 | 0.057 | |
Practice type | 0.037 | 0.121 | 0.013 | −0.031 | 0.118 | −0.011 | 0.046 | 0.109 | 0.016 | |
AAS-10 | 0.030 | 0.009 | 0.147 ** | 0.014 | 0.009 | 0.068 | −0.001 | 0.009 | −0.003 | |
Belief—abuse | 0.097 | 0.065 | 0.101 | 0.005 | 0.061 | 0.006 | ||||
Belief—crime | 0.197 | 0.069 | 0.195 ** | 0.122 | 0.064 | 0.121 | ||||
Moral obligation | 0.440 | 0.051 | 0.389 *** | |||||||
Legal obligation | 0.040 | 0.037 | 0.046 | |||||||
Variance | R2 | 0.025 | 0.095 | 0.232 | ||||||
Δ22 | 0.07 | 0.138 | ||||||||
F | 3.790 ** | 10.216 *** | 22.089 *** | |||||||
Intention to report | Sex | 0.023 | 0.116 | 0.009 | −0.023 | 0.113 | −0.009 | 0.052 | 0.106 | 0.020 |
Age | 0.046 | 0.044 | 0.045 | 0.057 | 0.043 | 0.056 | 0.018 | 0.040 | 0.017 | |
Practice type | −0.076 | 0.134 | −0.024 | −0.144 | 0.131 | −0.045 | −0.063 | 0.124 | −0.020 | |
AAS-10 | 0.070 | 0.010 | 0.297 *** | 0.055 | 0.010 | 0.236 *** | 0.040 | 0.010 | 0.168 *** | |
Belief—abuse | −0.045 | 0.073 | −0.041 | −0.117 | 0.069 | −0.107 | ||||
Belief—crime | 0.307 | 0.077 | 0.267 *** | 0.248 | 0.073 | 0.215 *** | ||||
Moral obligation | 0.216 | 0.058 | 0.168 *** | |||||||
Legal obligation | 0.234 | 0.042 | 0.238 *** | |||||||
Variance | R2 | 0.084 | 0.133 | 0.239 | ||||||
ΔR2 | 0.048 | 0.106 | ||||||||
F | 13.522 *** | 14.934 *** | 22.877 *** |
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Joo, S.; Jung, Y.; Chun, M.-S. An Analysis of Veterinary Practitioners’ Intention to Intervene in Animal Abuse Cases in South Korea. Animals 2020, 10, 802. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10050802
Joo S, Jung Y, Chun M-S. An Analysis of Veterinary Practitioners’ Intention to Intervene in Animal Abuse Cases in South Korea. Animals. 2020; 10(5):802. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10050802
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoo, Seola, Yechan Jung, and Myung-Sun Chun. 2020. "An Analysis of Veterinary Practitioners’ Intention to Intervene in Animal Abuse Cases in South Korea" Animals 10, no. 5: 802. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10050802
APA StyleJoo, S., Jung, Y., & Chun, M.-S. (2020). An Analysis of Veterinary Practitioners’ Intention to Intervene in Animal Abuse Cases in South Korea. Animals, 10(5), 802. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10050802