Compositional and Functional Comparisons of the Microbiota in the Colostrum and Mature Milk of Dairy Goats
1
College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
2
Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
3
State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
4
College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Animals 2020, 10(11), 1955; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10111955
Received: 22 September 2020
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Revised: 19 October 2020
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Accepted: 19 October 2020
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Published: 23 October 2020
(This article belongs to the Section Small Ruminants)
Simple Summary
Our findings revealed significant influences of lactation stage on goat milk microbial and functional composition both in colostrum and mature milk. Microbial communities which were found in colostrum and mature milk could potentially establish goat kids’ gut microbiota and have an influence on the development of microbial components that provide potential health promotion effects in goats.
Goat milk is essential for the initial development of kids by providing a great source of commensal bacteria. In this study, we analyzed the microbiota of the milk of 30 healthy Saanen dairy goats. The 30 samples comprised 15 colostrum and 15 mature milk samples, collected from three different farms of Shaanxi Province. Colostrum samples were collected daily for five days post-delivery and mature milk was collected on the 7th, 10th, 20th, 30th, and 40th days. The result showed that microbial alpha diversity was higher in the mature milk compared with that in the colostrum. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) was performed to detect differentially abundant taxa in colostrum and goat milk. According to taxonomy results, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the predominant bacteria phyla in both colostrum and mature milk. In addition, lactation stage noticeably influenced the composition of milk microbiota. Specifically, Novosphingobium, Brachybacterium, Psychrobacter, Lactobacillus, Yersinia, Roseateles, Rothia, Sanguibacter, Cloacibacterium, Variovorax, Sphingobacterium, and Coxiella were enriched in the colostrum, while Georgenia, Peptostreptococcus, Bacteroidales, Yaniella, Planomicrobium, Cloacibacterium, Azospirillum, Turicibacter, Cupriavidus, Herbaspirillum, Rhodobacteraceae, and Aeromonadales were the dominant genera in the mature milk. The enriched metabolic functions of the goat milk microbiota were predicted by PICRUSt and classified by KEGG pathway. Moreover, the abundances of environmental information processing, cellular processes pathway, genetic information processing pathway, organismal systems pathway, and metabolism pathway were significantly different between microbiota of colostrum and mature milk. Altogether, our study disclosed the significant difference between the microbial communities of colostrum and mature milk and provided grounds for further research in dairy microbiology.
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Keywords:
goat milk; colostrum; mature milk; milk microbiota; microbial diversity; high-throughput sequencing
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MDPI and ACS Style
Niyazbekova, Z.; Yao, X.-T.; Liu, M.-J.; Bold, N.; Tong, J.-Z.; Chang, J.-J.; Wen, Y.; Li, L.; Wang, Y.; Chen, D.-K.; Ma, W.-T. Compositional and Functional Comparisons of the Microbiota in the Colostrum and Mature Milk of Dairy Goats. Animals 2020, 10, 1955. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10111955
AMA Style
Niyazbekova Z, Yao X-T, Liu M-J, Bold N, Tong J-Z, Chang J-J, Wen Y, Li L, Wang Y, Chen D-K, Ma W-T. Compositional and Functional Comparisons of the Microbiota in the Colostrum and Mature Milk of Dairy Goats. Animals. 2020; 10(11):1955. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10111955
Chicago/Turabian StyleNiyazbekova, Zhannur, Xiao-Ting Yao, Ming-Jie Liu, Nomin Bold, Juan-Zhen Tong, Jian-Jun Chang, Ying Wen, Li Li, Yong Wang, De-Kun Chen, and Wen-Tao Ma. 2020. "Compositional and Functional Comparisons of the Microbiota in the Colostrum and Mature Milk of Dairy Goats" Animals 10, no. 11: 1955. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10111955
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