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Article

Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota Composition Associated to the Presence of Commensal and Pathogen Microorganisms in Côte d’Ivoire

by
Veronica Di Cristanziano
1,*,†,
Fedja Farowski
2,3,†,
Federica Berrilli
4,†,
Maristella Santoro
4,
David Di Cave
4,
Christophe Glé
5,
Martin Daeumer
6,
Alexander Thielen
6,
Maike Wirtz
1,
Rolf Kaiser
1,
Kirsten Alexandra Eberhardt
7,8,
Maria J. G. T. Vehreschild
2,3,9 and
Rossella D’Alfonso
5,10
1
Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany
2
Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
3
Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
4
Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
5
Centre Don Orione Pour Handicapés Physiques, Bonoua BP 21, Côte d’Ivoire
6
Seq-IT GmbH & Co KG, 67655 Kaiserslautern, Germany
7
Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine & I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
8
Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
9
German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn, 50937 Cologne, Germany
10
Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Microorganisms 2021, 9(8), 1763; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081763
Submission received: 22 July 2021 / Revised: 12 August 2021 / Accepted: 14 August 2021 / Published: 18 August 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbioma Structure and Functions in Human Health and Disease)
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Abstract

Background: The human gut microbiota is a microbial ecosystem contributing to the maintenance of host health with functions related to immune and metabolic aspects. Relations between microbiota and enteric pathogens in sub-Saharan Africa are scarcely investigated. The present study explored gut microbiota composition associated to the presence of common enteric pathogens and commensal microorganisms, e.g., Blastocystis and Entamoeba species, in children and adults from semi-urban and non-urban localities in Côte d’Ivoire. Methods: Seventy-six stool samples were analyzed for microbiota composition by 16S rRDNA sequencing. The presence of adeno-, entero-, parechoviruses, bacterial and protozoal pathogens, Blastocystis, and commensal Entamoeba species, was analyzed by different molecular assays. Results: Twelve individuals resulted negative for any tested microorganisms, 64 subjects were positive for one or more microorganisms. Adenovirus, enterovirus, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), and Blastocystis were frequently detected. Conclusions: The bacterial composition driven by Prevotellaceae and Ruminococcaceae confirmed the biotype related to the traditional dietary and cooking practices in low-income countries. Clear separation in UniFrac distance in subjects co-harboring Entamoeba hartmanni and Blastocystis was evidenced. Alpha diversity variation in negative control group versus only Blastocystis positive suggested its possible regulatory contribution on intestinal microbiota. Pathogenic bacteria and virus did not affect the positive outcome of co-harbored Blastocystis.
Keywords: intestinal co-infection; biotype; virus; bacteria; G. duodenalis; Blastocystis; Entamoeba coli; Entamoeba dispar; Entamoeba hartmanni intestinal co-infection; biotype; virus; bacteria; G. duodenalis; Blastocystis; Entamoeba coli; Entamoeba dispar; Entamoeba hartmanni

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MDPI and ACS Style

Di Cristanziano, V.; Farowski, F.; Berrilli, F.; Santoro, M.; Di Cave, D.; Glé, C.; Daeumer, M.; Thielen, A.; Wirtz, M.; Kaiser, R.; et al. Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota Composition Associated to the Presence of Commensal and Pathogen Microorganisms in Côte d’Ivoire. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 1763. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081763

AMA Style

Di Cristanziano V, Farowski F, Berrilli F, Santoro M, Di Cave D, Glé C, Daeumer M, Thielen A, Wirtz M, Kaiser R, et al. Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota Composition Associated to the Presence of Commensal and Pathogen Microorganisms in Côte d’Ivoire. Microorganisms. 2021; 9(8):1763. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081763

Chicago/Turabian Style

Di Cristanziano, Veronica, Fedja Farowski, Federica Berrilli, Maristella Santoro, David Di Cave, Christophe Glé, Martin Daeumer, Alexander Thielen, Maike Wirtz, Rolf Kaiser, and et al. 2021. "Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota Composition Associated to the Presence of Commensal and Pathogen Microorganisms in Côte d’Ivoire" Microorganisms 9, no. 8: 1763. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081763

APA Style

Di Cristanziano, V., Farowski, F., Berrilli, F., Santoro, M., Di Cave, D., Glé, C., Daeumer, M., Thielen, A., Wirtz, M., Kaiser, R., Eberhardt, K. A., Vehreschild, M. J. G. T., & D’Alfonso, R. (2021). Analysis of Human Gut Microbiota Composition Associated to the Presence of Commensal and Pathogen Microorganisms in Côte d’Ivoire. Microorganisms, 9(8), 1763. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081763

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