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Article

Co-Inoculation of Bacillus velezensis Strain S141 and Bradyrhizobium Strains Promotes Nodule Growth and Nitrogen Fixation

1
School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
2
Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
3
Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Microorganisms 2020, 8(5), 678; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8050678
Submission received: 3 April 2020 / Revised: 29 April 2020 / Accepted: 5 May 2020 / Published: 7 May 2020
(This article belongs to the Section Microbial Biotechnology)

Abstract

The objective of this research was to evaluate the PGPR effect on nodulation and nitrogen-fixing efficiency of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) by co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA110. Co-inoculation of Bacillus velezensis S141 with USDA110 into soybean resulted in enhanced nodulation and N2-fixing efficiency by producing larger nodules. To understand the role of S141 on soybean and USDA110 symbiosis, putative genes related to IAA biosynthesis were disrupted, suggesting that co-inoculation of USDA110 with S141ΔyhcX reduces the number of large size nodules. It was revealed that yhcX may play a major role in IAA biosynthesis in S141 as well as provide a major impact on soybean growth promotion. The disruption of genes related to cytokinin biosynthesis and co-inoculation of USDA110 with S141ΔIPI reduced the number of very large size nodules, and it appears that IPI might play an important role in nodule size of soybean–Bradyrhizobium symbiosis. However, it was possible that not only IAA and cytokinin but also some other substances secreted from S141 facilitate Bradyrhizobium to trigger bigger nodule formation, resulting in enhanced N2-fixation. Therefore, the ability of S141 with Bradyrhizobium co-inoculation to enhance soybean N2-fixation strategy could be further developed for supreme soybean inoculants.
Keywords: PGPR; Bradyrhizobium; Co-inoculation; Soybean; Nodulation PGPR; Bradyrhizobium; Co-inoculation; Soybean; Nodulation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Sibponkrung, S.; Kondo, T.; Tanaka, K.; Tittabutr, P.; Boonkerd, N.; Yoshida, K.-i.; Teaumroong, N. Co-Inoculation of Bacillus velezensis Strain S141 and Bradyrhizobium Strains Promotes Nodule Growth and Nitrogen Fixation. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 678. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8050678

AMA Style

Sibponkrung S, Kondo T, Tanaka K, Tittabutr P, Boonkerd N, Yoshida K-i, Teaumroong N. Co-Inoculation of Bacillus velezensis Strain S141 and Bradyrhizobium Strains Promotes Nodule Growth and Nitrogen Fixation. Microorganisms. 2020; 8(5):678. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8050678

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sibponkrung, Surachat, Takahiko Kondo, Kosei Tanaka, Panlada Tittabutr, Nantakorn Boonkerd, Ken-ichi Yoshida, and Neung Teaumroong. 2020. "Co-Inoculation of Bacillus velezensis Strain S141 and Bradyrhizobium Strains Promotes Nodule Growth and Nitrogen Fixation" Microorganisms 8, no. 5: 678. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8050678

APA Style

Sibponkrung, S., Kondo, T., Tanaka, K., Tittabutr, P., Boonkerd, N., Yoshida, K.-i., & Teaumroong, N. (2020). Co-Inoculation of Bacillus velezensis Strain S141 and Bradyrhizobium Strains Promotes Nodule Growth and Nitrogen Fixation. Microorganisms, 8(5), 678. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8050678

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