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Microorganisms
Volume 11
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10.3390/microorganisms11010027
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Article

The Influence of Calcium on the Growth, Morphology and Gene Regulation in Gemmatimonas phototrophica

by
Sahana Shivaramu
1,
Jürgen Tomasch
1,
Karel Kopejtka
1,
Nupur
1,
Mohit Kumar Saini
1,
Syed Nadeem Hussain Bokhari
2,
Hendrik Küpper
2,3 and
Michal Koblížek
1,*
1
Laboratory of Anoxygenic Phototrophs, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Novohradská 237, 37981 Třeboň, Czech Republic
2
Department of Plant Biophysics and Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 1760/31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
3
Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760/31a, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Microorganisms 2023, 11(1), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010027
Submission received: 24 November 2022 / Revised: 14 December 2022 / Accepted: 16 December 2022 / Published: 22 December 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phototrophic Bacteria 2.0)
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Abstract

The bacterium Gemmatimonas phototrophica AP64 isolated from a freshwater lake in the western Gobi Desert represents the first phototrophic member of the bacterial phylum Gemmatimonadota. This strain was originally cultured on agar plates because it did not grow in liquid medium. In contrast, the closely related species G. groenlandica TET16 grows both on solid and in liquid media. Here, we show that the growth of G. phototrophica in liquid medium can be induced by supplementing the medium with 20 mg CaCl2 L−1. When grown at a lower concentration of calcium (2 mg CaCl2 L−1) in the liquid medium, the growth was significantly delayed, cells were elongated and lacked flagella. The elevated requirement for calcium is relatively specific as it can be partially substituted by strontium, but not by magnesium. The transcriptome analysis documented that several groups of genes involved in flagella biosynthesis and transport of transition metals were co-activated after amendment of 20 mg CaCl2 L−1 to the medium. The presented results document that G. phototrophica requires a higher concentration of calcium for its metabolism and growth compared to other Gemmatimonas species.
Keywords: Gemmatimonas phototrophica; anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria; horizontal gene transfer; calcium; transcriptomics Gemmatimonas phototrophica; anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria; horizontal gene transfer; calcium; transcriptomics

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MDPI and ACS Style

Shivaramu, S.; Tomasch, J.; Kopejtka, K.; Nupur; Saini, M.K.; Bokhari, S.N.H.; Küpper, H.; Koblížek, M. The Influence of Calcium on the Growth, Morphology and Gene Regulation in Gemmatimonas phototrophica. Microorganisms 2023, 11, 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010027

AMA Style

Shivaramu S, Tomasch J, Kopejtka K, Nupur, Saini MK, Bokhari SNH, Küpper H, Koblížek M. The Influence of Calcium on the Growth, Morphology and Gene Regulation in Gemmatimonas phototrophica. Microorganisms. 2023; 11(1):27. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010027

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shivaramu, Sahana, Jürgen Tomasch, Karel Kopejtka, Nupur, Mohit Kumar Saini, Syed Nadeem Hussain Bokhari, Hendrik Küpper, and Michal Koblížek. 2023. "The Influence of Calcium on the Growth, Morphology and Gene Regulation in Gemmatimonas phototrophica" Microorganisms 11, no. 1: 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010027

APA Style

Shivaramu, S., Tomasch, J., Kopejtka, K., Nupur, Saini, M. K., Bokhari, S. N. H., Küpper, H., & Koblížek, M. (2023). The Influence of Calcium on the Growth, Morphology and Gene Regulation in Gemmatimonas phototrophica. Microorganisms, 11(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010027

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