Orthohantaviruses, Emerging Zoonotic Pathogens
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Genome Structure of Orthohantaviruses
3. Distribution of Orthohantaviruses and the Diseases They Cause
4. Gene Exchange between Orthohantaviruses
4.1. Recombination
4.2. Reassortment
5. Orthohantavirus Evolution
6. Genetic Diversity of Orthohantaviruses
Genetic Diversity of Puumala Orthohantaviruses
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Genetic Lineage (Designation) | Geographical Location | Reference | |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Central European (CE) | France, Belgium, Germany, Slovakia, Netherland | [19,20,21,23,27,28,29] |
2 | Alpe-Adrian (ALAD) | Austria, Slovenia, Croatia, Hungary | |
3 | Danish (DAN) | Denmark | |
4 | South Scandinavian (S-SCAN) | Norway, Southern Sweden | |
5 | North Scandinavian (N-SCAN) | Northern Sweden | |
6 | Finnish (FIN) | Finland, Russian Karelia and Western Siberia | |
7 | Russian (RUS) | Central Russia, Estonia, Latvia | |
8 | Latvian (LAT) | Latvia, North-East Poland | [18,22] |
Orthohantavirus (Diseases) | Rodents, Natural Reservoir | Area | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Dobrava-Belgrade (HFRS) | Apodemus flavicollis | Europe (Balkan), European part of Russia | [7] |
Hantaan (HFRS) | Apodemus agrarius | Eastern Asia | |
Khabarovsk (HFRS) | Microtus fortis | Asia (Siberia, Far East of Russia) | |
Puumala (HFRS) | Myodes glareolus | Western, Central and Northern Europe, European part of Russia | [58] |
Sangassou (HFRS) | Hylomyscus alleni | Africa (Guinea) | [68,69] |
Seoul (HFRS) | Rattus norvegicus | Worldwide | [70] |
Tula (HFRS) | Microtus arvalis | Europe | [62] |
Andes (HPS) | Oligoryzomys longicaudatus | South America (Argentina, Chile) | [71] |
Black Creek Canal (HPS) | Sigmodon hispidus | USA | [72] |
Choclo (HPS) | Zygodontomys brevicauda | South America (Colombia, French Guiana and Panama) | [73,74] |
Laguna Negra (HPS) | Calomys callidus, Akodon simulator, Calomys laucha | South America (Bolivia, Argentina and Paraguay; parts of Brazil) | [75] |
Sin Nombre (HPS) | Peromyscus maniculatus | Northern America | [71] |
Asama (unknown) | Urotrichus talpoides | Asia (Japan) | [76] |
Asikkala (unknown) | Sorex minutus | Europe (Czech Republic, Finland, Germany and Slovakia) | [77] |
Bowe (unknown) | Crocidura douceti | Africa (Guinea) | [78] |
Cano Delgadito (unknown) | Sigmodon alstoni | South America (Venezuela) | [79] |
Cao Bang (unknown) | Anourosorex squamipes | Asia (China and Vietnam) | [80,81] |
El Moro Canyon (unknown) | Reithrodontomys megalotis | USA and Mexico | [82,83] |
Jeju (unknown) | Crocidura shantungensis | Asia (Korea) | [76] |
Kenkeme (unknown) | Sorex roboratus | Russia (Siberia) | [84] |
Luxi (unknown) | Eothenomys miletus | Asia (China) | [85] |
Maporal (unknown) | Sigmodon alstoni | South America (Venezuela) | [79] |
Montano (unknown) | Peromyscus aztecus | Northern America (Mexico) | [86] |
Oxbow (unknown) | Neurotrichus gibbsii | USA | [87] |
Prospect Hill virus (unknown) | Microtus pennsylvanicus | USA (Maryland) | [88] |
Rockport (unknown) | Scalopus aquaticus | USA | [89] |
Seewis (unknown) | Sorex daphaenodon | Russia (Siberia) | [90] |
Tatenale (unknown) | Microtus agrestis | United Kingdom (England). | [60,61] |
Tigray (unknown) | Stenocephalemys albipes | Africa (Ethiopia) | [91] |
Thailand (unknown) | Bandicota indica | Asia (Thailand) | [92,93] |
Yakeshi (unknown) | Sorex isodon | Asia (China) | [80] |
Necocli, Fusong, Fugong, Dabieshan, Bruges | unknown | unknown | [8] |
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Kabwe, E.; Davidyuk, Y.; Shamsutdinov, A.; Garanina, E.; Martynova, E.; Kitaeva, K.; Malisheni, M.; Isaeva, G.; Savitskaya, T.; Urbanowicz, R.A.; et al. Orthohantaviruses, Emerging Zoonotic Pathogens. Pathogens 2020, 9, 775. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9090775
Kabwe E, Davidyuk Y, Shamsutdinov A, Garanina E, Martynova E, Kitaeva K, Malisheni M, Isaeva G, Savitskaya T, Urbanowicz RA, et al. Orthohantaviruses, Emerging Zoonotic Pathogens. Pathogens. 2020; 9(9):775. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9090775
Chicago/Turabian StyleKabwe, Emmanuel, Yuriy Davidyuk, Anton Shamsutdinov, Ekaterina Garanina, Ekaterina Martynova, Kristina Kitaeva, Moffat Malisheni, Guzel Isaeva, Tatiana Savitskaya, Richard A. Urbanowicz, and et al. 2020. "Orthohantaviruses, Emerging Zoonotic Pathogens" Pathogens 9, no. 9: 775. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9090775