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Volume 12
Issue 4
10.3390/pathogens12040554
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Article

Oral Supplementation with AHCC®, a Standardized Extract of Cultured Lentinula edodes Mycelia, Enhances Host Resistance against SARS-CoV-2 Infection

by
Ankita Singh
1,†,
Awadalkareem Adam
1,†,
Leslie Rodriguez
1,
Bi-Hung Peng
2,
Binbin Wang
1,
Xuping Xie
3,
Pei-Yong Shi
3,4,5,
Kohei Homma
6 and
Tian Wang
1,4,5,7,*
1
Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
2
Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
3
Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
4
Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
5
Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
6
Research and Development Division, Amino Up Co., Ltd., Sapporo 004-0839, Hokkaido, Japan
7
Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Pathogens 2023, 12(4), 554; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12040554
Submission received: 5 March 2023 / Revised: 27 March 2023 / Accepted: 29 March 2023 / Published: 3 April 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging and Re-emerging Viral Infections: Towards Better Surveillance, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control)
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Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly impacted global public health safety and the economy. Multiple antiviral drugs have been developed, and some have received regulatory approval and/or authorization. The use of nutraceuticals can be beneficial for preventing and treating COVID-19 complications. AHCC is a standardized, cultured extract of an edible mushroom Lentinula edodes of the Basidiomycete family of fungi that is enriched in acylated α-1,4-glucans. Here, we evaluated the effects of the oral administration of AHCC on the host response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in two murine models, K18-hACE2 transgenic mice and immunocompetent BALB/c mice. Oral administration of AHCC every other day for one week before and one day post SARS-CoV-2 infection in both strains of mice decreased the viral load and attenuated inflammation in the lungs. AHCC treatment also significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2-induced lethality in the K18-hACE2 mice. AHCC administration enhanced the expansion of γδ T cells in the spleen and lungs before and after viral infection and promoted T helper 1-prone mucosal and systemic T cell responses in both models. In AHCC-fed BALB/c mice, SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG responses were also enhanced. In summary, AHCC supplementation enhances host resistance against mild and severe COVID-19 infection primarily via the promotion of innate and adaptive T cell immune responses in mice.
Keywords: nutrient supplementation; SARS-CoV-2; host immunity; treatment; COVID-19 nutrient supplementation; SARS-CoV-2; host immunity; treatment; COVID-19
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MDPI and ACS Style

Singh, A.; Adam, A.; Rodriguez, L.; Peng, B.-H.; Wang, B.; Xie, X.; Shi, P.-Y.; Homma, K.; Wang, T. Oral Supplementation with AHCC®, a Standardized Extract of Cultured Lentinula edodes Mycelia, Enhances Host Resistance against SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Pathogens 2023, 12, 554. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12040554

AMA Style

Singh A, Adam A, Rodriguez L, Peng B-H, Wang B, Xie X, Shi P-Y, Homma K, Wang T. Oral Supplementation with AHCC®, a Standardized Extract of Cultured Lentinula edodes Mycelia, Enhances Host Resistance against SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Pathogens. 2023; 12(4):554. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12040554

Chicago/Turabian Style

Singh, Ankita, Awadalkareem Adam, Leslie Rodriguez, Bi-Hung Peng, Binbin Wang, Xuping Xie, Pei-Yong Shi, Kohei Homma, and Tian Wang. 2023. "Oral Supplementation with AHCC®, a Standardized Extract of Cultured Lentinula edodes Mycelia, Enhances Host Resistance against SARS-CoV-2 Infection" Pathogens 12, no. 4: 554. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12040554

APA Style

Singh, A., Adam, A., Rodriguez, L., Peng, B.-H., Wang, B., Xie, X., Shi, P.-Y., Homma, K., & Wang, T. (2023). Oral Supplementation with AHCC®, a Standardized Extract of Cultured Lentinula edodes Mycelia, Enhances Host Resistance against SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Pathogens, 12(4), 554. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12040554

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