Research on the Indicator System and Evaluation Model for Seismic Resilience of Residential Buildings: A Case of Hebei Province

This study proposes a regional-scale evaluation framework for assessing the seismic resilience of residential buildings by integrating earthquake monitoring and early-warning capacity, seismic hazard background, and structural seismic capacity. An indicator system consisting of three primary indicators, six secondary indicators, and twelve tertiary indicators was established based on the literature, seismic design codes, disaster risk census data, expert consultation, and data availability. The analytic hierarchy process was used to determine indicator weights, and multi-source data were integrated to evaluate 11 prefecture-level cities in Hebei Province. The results show that structural seismic capacity is the dominant factor affecting the comprehensive ranking, followed by seismic hazard background and earthquake monitoring and early-warning capacity. Cities with a higher combined floor-area proportion of reinforced–concrete and brick–concrete residential buildings and stronger earthquake monitoring and early-warning capacity generally exhibit higher seismic resilience. The proposed framework provides a practical decision-support tool for identifying regional weaknesses, prioritizing retrofitting of existing buildings, and supporting future development of seismic resilience policies and technical guidelines.