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Volume 16
Issue 12
10.3390/buildings16122450
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

A Numerical Study on the Influence of Debonding in Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Columns on Structural Dynamic Characteristics

by
Shanjiu Tu
1,2,
Chengkai Yang
1,2,
Zengmao Xu
1,2,
Jun Teng
1,2,
Weihua Hu
1,2,*,
Zhenghe Zhang
1,2,
Wei Lu
1,2,
Paolo Borlenghi
3 and
Carmelo Gentile
3
1
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
2
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent and Resilient Structures for Civil Engineering, Shenzhen 518055, China
3
Department of Architecture, Built Environment and Construction Engineering (ABC), Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Buildings 2026, 16(12), 2450; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16122450 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 16 May 2026 / Revised: 9 June 2026 / Accepted: 16 June 2026 / Published: 20 June 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Structural Health Monitoring in Engineering Structure)
Versions Notes

Abstract

The influence of debonding in concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns on the dynamic characteristics of super high-rise buildings is a common concern that remains insufficiently understood. The abnormal vibration incident of the SEG Plaza on 18 May 2021, also known as the 5·18 incident, serves as a typical case highlighting this issue. After two decades of service, the first-order bending frequency of the building decreased by approximately 6.1%, and extensive CFST column debonding was observed, with the maximum debonding rate reaching up to 97% on certain middle floors. To investigate the influence of CFST column debonding on structural dynamic characteristics, this study first derives a theoretical relationship between debonding parameters, namely angle and distance, and the equivalent bending stiffness of CFST columns. This analytical formulation is then implemented and validated through finite element simulations at multiple scales, including planar frame analysis in ABAQUS, a thin-interlayer simulation method in ANSYS, and full-building modeling in ETABS. Results show that for a planar frame, when a CFST column debonds at 270°, the structural natural frequency decreases by 0.984%; when the debonding angle is 180° with a 2 mm gap, the first-order frequency decreases by 0.141%. Numerical simulation of the SEG Plaza structural model predicts a reduction in the first-order frequency of 0.987% under the observed debonding conditions, confirming that debonding impairs force transmission, reduces structural stiffness, and alters natural frequencies. This study provides a mechanistic basis for evaluating stiffness degradation in long-service super high-rise buildings.
Keywords: high-rise buildings; concrete-filled steel tube column; debonding; stiffness degradation; finite element simulation; thin interlayer method; dynamic characteristics high-rise buildings; concrete-filled steel tube column; debonding; stiffness degradation; finite element simulation; thin interlayer method; dynamic characteristics

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Tu, S.; Yang, C.; Xu, Z.; Teng, J.; Hu, W.; Zhang, Z.; Lu, W.; Borlenghi, P.; Gentile, C. A Numerical Study on the Influence of Debonding in Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Columns on Structural Dynamic Characteristics. Buildings 2026, 16, 2450. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16122450

AMA Style

Tu S, Yang C, Xu Z, Teng J, Hu W, Zhang Z, Lu W, Borlenghi P, Gentile C. A Numerical Study on the Influence of Debonding in Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Columns on Structural Dynamic Characteristics. Buildings. 2026; 16(12):2450. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16122450

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tu, Shanjiu, Chengkai Yang, Zengmao Xu, Jun Teng, Weihua Hu, Zhenghe Zhang, Wei Lu, Paolo Borlenghi, and Carmelo Gentile. 2026. "A Numerical Study on the Influence of Debonding in Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Columns on Structural Dynamic Characteristics" Buildings 16, no. 12: 2450. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16122450

APA Style

Tu, S., Yang, C., Xu, Z., Teng, J., Hu, W., Zhang, Z., Lu, W., Borlenghi, P., & Gentile, C. (2026). A Numerical Study on the Influence of Debonding in Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Columns on Structural Dynamic Characteristics. Buildings, 16(12), 2450. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16122450

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