Creep Differences Between Alkali-Activated Fly Ash–Slag and Cement-Based Materials and Prediction Models

Huang, Dunwen; Xia, Lipeng; Yuan, Qiaoming; Zou, Youbao; Peng, Hui; Huang, Dunzhi

doi:10.3390/buildings15162969

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Creep Differences Between Alkali-Activated Fly Ash–Slag and Cement-Based Materials and Prediction Models

by

Dunwen Huang

^1,2,*

,

Lipeng Xia

¹,

Qiaoming Yuan

¹,

Youbao Zou

¹,

Hui Peng

^1,* and

Dunzhi Huang

³

¹

School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China

²

Industry Key Laboratory of Traffic Infrastructure Security Risk Management, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China

³

China Construction Fifth Bureau Installation Engineering Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518118, China

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Buildings 2025, 15(16), 2969; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15162969

Submission received: 21 June 2025 / Revised: 29 July 2025 / Accepted: 19 August 2025 / Published: 21 August 2025

(This article belongs to the Section Building Materials, and Repair & Renovation)

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Abstract

Alkali-activated fly ash and slag binders are regarded as environmentally friendly building materials. However, the creep properties of the alkali-activated materials differ from ordinary Portland cement-based materials. Currently, predicting the creep properties of alkali-activated materials is difficult. This study tested the creep properties of alkali-activated materials with various strengths and loading ages, exploring the similarities and differences in the creep properties between alkali-activated and cement-based materials. The result shows that the creep development of alkali-activated materials still conforms to the law of the hyperbolic power function commonly used to describe that of cement-based materials. Nevertheless, the proportion of the basic creep increases to about 70% of the drying creep in alkali-activated materials at 90 days. By modifying the parameters related to the relative humidity in the model of CEB-FIP MC2010, the creep behavior of alkali-activated fly ash and slag concrete could be well predicted.

Keywords: alkali-activated materials; creep development; loading age; prediction model

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MDPI and ACS Style

Huang, D.; Xia, L.; Yuan, Q.; Zou, Y.; Peng, H.; Huang, D. Creep Differences Between Alkali-Activated Fly Ash–Slag and Cement-Based Materials and Prediction Models. Buildings 2025, 15, 2969. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15162969

AMA Style

Huang D, Xia L, Yuan Q, Zou Y, Peng H, Huang D. Creep Differences Between Alkali-Activated Fly Ash–Slag and Cement-Based Materials and Prediction Models. Buildings. 2025; 15(16):2969. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15162969

Chicago/Turabian Style

Huang, Dunwen, Lipeng Xia, Qiaoming Yuan, Youbao Zou, Hui Peng, and Dunzhi Huang. 2025. "Creep Differences Between Alkali-Activated Fly Ash–Slag and Cement-Based Materials and Prediction Models" Buildings 15, no. 16: 2969. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15162969

APA Style

Huang, D., Xia, L., Yuan, Q., Zou, Y., Peng, H., & Huang, D. (2025). Creep Differences Between Alkali-Activated Fly Ash–Slag and Cement-Based Materials and Prediction Models. Buildings, 15(16), 2969. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15162969

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Creep Differences Between Alkali-Activated Fly Ash–Slag and Cement-Based Materials and Prediction Models

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