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Volume 15
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10.3390/buildings15132233
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Article

Mechanisms of Resident Satisfaction Enhancement Through Waterfront Sports Buildings: A Synergistic Perspective of Blue Space and Built Environment—Empirical Evidence from Nine Chinese Cases

by
Zhihao Zhang
1,
Wenyue Liu
1,
Jia Zhang
2,
Linkang Du
3 and
Jianhua Pan
2,*
1
Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
2
School of Physical Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
3
School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Buildings 2025, 15(13), 2233; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15132233
Submission received: 14 May 2025 / Revised: 18 June 2025 / Accepted: 19 June 2025 / Published: 25 June 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Architectural Design, Urban Science, and Real Estate)
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Abstract

While the existing research has extensively explored the impact of urban green spaces on residents’ well-being, studies specifically focusing on waterfront sports buildings remain scarce. This study examines how the combined effects of built environment characteristics in waterfront sports facilities enhance user satisfaction through psychological mechanisms. Based on survey data from 721 users across nine major waterfront sports complexes in China, we find that (1) four social function dimensions (social interaction, accessibility, safety, and multifunctionality) show significant positive correlations with satisfaction; (2) place attachment mediates these relationships. These findings validate the importance of integrating water-oriented design principles with community needs, offering both theoretical contributions to human–water interaction studies and practical implications for urban blue space (defined as visible water features including rivers, lakes, and coastal areas) development.
Keywords: waterfront sports buildings; built environment; user satisfaction; place attachment; blue space; psychological mechanisms waterfront sports buildings; built environment; user satisfaction; place attachment; blue space; psychological mechanisms

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhang, Z.; Liu, W.; Zhang, J.; Du, L.; Pan, J. Mechanisms of Resident Satisfaction Enhancement Through Waterfront Sports Buildings: A Synergistic Perspective of Blue Space and Built Environment—Empirical Evidence from Nine Chinese Cases. Buildings 2025, 15, 2233. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15132233

AMA Style

Zhang Z, Liu W, Zhang J, Du L, Pan J. Mechanisms of Resident Satisfaction Enhancement Through Waterfront Sports Buildings: A Synergistic Perspective of Blue Space and Built Environment—Empirical Evidence from Nine Chinese Cases. Buildings. 2025; 15(13):2233. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15132233

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Zhihao, Wenyue Liu, Jia Zhang, Linkang Du, and Jianhua Pan. 2025. "Mechanisms of Resident Satisfaction Enhancement Through Waterfront Sports Buildings: A Synergistic Perspective of Blue Space and Built Environment—Empirical Evidence from Nine Chinese Cases" Buildings 15, no. 13: 2233. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15132233

APA Style

Zhang, Z., Liu, W., Zhang, J., Du, L., & Pan, J. (2025). Mechanisms of Resident Satisfaction Enhancement Through Waterfront Sports Buildings: A Synergistic Perspective of Blue Space and Built Environment—Empirical Evidence from Nine Chinese Cases. Buildings, 15(13), 2233. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15132233

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