A Flood Prevention Design for Guangzhou Metro Stations Under Extreme Rainfall Based on the SCS-CN Model
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Analysis of the Flood Prevention Status of the Guangzhou Metro
2.1. Climate and Flood Risk of the Guangzhou Metro
2.2. Survey on the Flood Prevention Status of the Guangzhou Metro
2.2.1. Survey Plan
- Elevation Measurement at Entrances and Ventilation Shafts:
- Verification of Height Above Ground for Entrances and Ventilation Shafts:
- Environmental Survey of Entrance and Ventilation Shaft Facilities:
2.2.2. Analysis of Flood Prevention Issues in the Guangzhou Metro
- Flooding Due to Low Elevation or Steep Road Gradients:
- 2.
- Insufficient Structural Height:
- 3.
- Significant Impact from Municipal Engineering:
- 4.
- Flooding from Nearby Waterways:
3. Flood Prevention Design Methodology for Metro Systems
3.1. Selection of Defense Frequency
3.2. Flood Hazard Assessment
3.3. Calculation Method for Flood Prevention Design Water Level at Metro Stations
3.4. Flood Control Design for Xinsha Station on Guangzhou Metro Line 13 Based on the SCS-CN Model
3.4.1. Location and Flood Risk Assessment of Xinsha Station
3.4.2. Calculation of Surface Runoff at Xinsha Station
4. Discussion
4.1. Flood Damage Process at Guangzhou Metro Stations Under Extreme Rainfall Conditions
- (1)
- For a permeable surface it is calculated as follows:
- (2)
- For an impermeable surface it is calculated as follows:
4.2. Flood Control Design Optimization Strategy for the Guangzhou Metro
4.2.1. Flood Protection Design Elevation for Metro Stations
4.2.2. Integrated Optimization of Drainage Systems and Implementation of Intelligent Drainage Management
4.3. Advantages and Limitations of the SCS-CN Method in Metro Flood Control Design
5. Conclusions
- Field investigations revealed multiple deficiencies in flood protection at metro stations across Guangzhou, including low-lying terrain with water accumulation, insufficient elevation differences at entrances, inadequate drainage capacity, and risks of backflow from nearby rivers.
- Based on the analysis of the “7·20” Zhengzhou and “5·22” Guangzhou extreme rainfall events and using Xinsha station as a case study, runoff depth under high-return-period rainfall was calculated. To ensure adequate safety margins, an increase in the flood protection elevation is recommended.
- Under extreme rainfall, the flood progression at metro entrances typically follows the sequence: “extreme precipitation → surface water accumulation → intrusion → internal inundation”. Simulation results suggest that Xinsha station allows for a certain time window and conditions for safe evacuation, but raising the protection threshold remains necessary to cope with extreme events.
- It is recommended that metro station protection elevations be determined based on topography and rainfall conditions, with the addition of supplementary protective structures. Furthermore, an integrated “blue–green–gray” drainage system should be developed, and monitoring and early-warning capabilities strengthened to achieve intelligent, system-level flood management.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chen, X.; Kuai, H.; Liu, X.; Xia, B. A Flood Prevention Design for Guangzhou Metro Stations Under Extreme Rainfall Based on the SCS-CN Model. Buildings 2025, 15, 1689. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15101689
Chen X, Kuai H, Liu X, Xia B. A Flood Prevention Design for Guangzhou Metro Stations Under Extreme Rainfall Based on the SCS-CN Model. Buildings. 2025; 15(10):1689. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15101689
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Xin, Hongyu Kuai, Xiaoqian Liu, and Bo Xia. 2025. "A Flood Prevention Design for Guangzhou Metro Stations Under Extreme Rainfall Based on the SCS-CN Model" Buildings 15, no. 10: 1689. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15101689
APA StyleChen, X., Kuai, H., Liu, X., & Xia, B. (2025). A Flood Prevention Design for Guangzhou Metro Stations Under Extreme Rainfall Based on the SCS-CN Model. Buildings, 15(10), 1689. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15101689