Experimental Investigation of Vibration Control in Timber–Concrete Composite (TCC) Floors Using Tuned Mass Damper
Abstract
1. Introduction
1.1. Overview of Research in Timber Floor Vibration
1.2. Application of TMD to Floor Systems
1.3. Research on SMA–TMD
2. Development and Tests of the Pre-Strained SMA–TMD
2.1. Pre-Strained SMA–TMD Design
2.2. Experimental Testing Methods for the SMA–TMD
2.3. Results and Analysis
3. Application of the SMA–TMD to the TCC Floor
3.1. The Tested TCC Floor
3.2. Timber Floor Vibration Evaluation Standards
3.3. Testing the Effectiveness of the SMA–TMD on TCC Floor Vibration Reduction
3.4. Evaluating the Robustness of the SMA–TMD
4. Conclusions
- The damping ratio of the SMA–TMD increases with the increase in pre-strain level. Specifically, without any pre-strain, the damping ratio of the SMA–TMD is 0.8621%. As the pre-strain increases, the damping ratio continues to rise, reaching 1.6949% when the pre-strain is 2.92%. Additionally, as the pre-strain increases, the natural frequency slightly increases.
- The pre-strained SMA–TMD significantly reduces the vibration response of the TCC floor, with the highest reduction of peak acceleration by 49.91%, RF (Response Factor) by 40.82% and VDV (Vibration Dose Value) by 44.47%. Compared with the SMA–TMD system without pre-strain, there is an improvement in vibration reduction.
- The pre-strained SMA–TMD has stronger robustness and better adaptability to floor mass changes. Specifically, compared with non-pre-strained SMA–TMD, the pre-strained SMA–TMD showed more consistent performance, retaining its vibration control capability even after changes in the floor frequency.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Test No. | Pre-Strain Level | Natural Frequency (Hz) | Damping Ratio |
---|---|---|---|
P1 | 0.00% | 9.96 | 0.8621% |
P2 | 0.32% | 10.10 | 0.9901% |
P3 | 1.33% | 10.06 | 1.2346% |
P4 | 1.67% | 10.37 | 1.3889% |
P5 | 1.95% | 11.04 | 1.6393% |
P6 | 2.56% | 11.29 | 1.6760% |
P7 | 2.92% | 12.43 | 1.6949% |
Test No. | Floor Mass (kg) | Test Method | Natural Frequency (Hz) | Damping Ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | 660 | Hammering method | 16.33 | 2.4133% |
C2 | 660 + 80 | Hammering method | 15.78 | 1.7726% |
C3 | 660 + 140 | Hammering method | 15.00 | 1.4845% |
C4 | 660 + 260 | Hammering method | 13.78 | 1.6112% |
f1 (Hz) | f2 (Hz) | f3 (Hz) |
---|---|---|
16.69 | 35.02 | 45.50 |
Place | Multiplying Factor (limit) for Exposure to Continuous Vibration |
---|---|
Office | 8 |
Shopping mall | 4 |
Dealing floor | 4 |
Place and Time | Low Probability of Adverse Comment (m/s1.75) | Adverse Comment Possible (m/s1.75) | Adverse Comment Probable (m/s1.75) |
---|---|---|---|
Residential buildings 16 h day | 0.2–0.4 | 0.4–0.8 | 0.8–1.6 |
Residential buildings 8 h night | 0.1–0.2 | 0.2–0.4 | 0.4–0.8 |
Test No. | SMA–TMD | Pre-Strain Level of the SMA–TMD | Additional Mass (kg) |
---|---|---|---|
S1 | - | 260 | |
S2 | √ | 0 | 0 |
S3 | √ | 0 | 80 |
S4 | √ | 0 | 140 |
S5 | √ | 0 | 260 |
S6 | √ | 2.92% | 0 |
S7 | √ | 2.92% | 80 |
S8 | √ | 2.92% | 140 |
S9 | √ | 2.92% | 260 |
F1 | - | 260 | |
F2 | √ | 0 | 0 |
F3 | √ | 0 | 80 |
F4 | √ | 0 | 140 |
F5 | √ | 0 | 260 |
F6 | √ | 2.92% | 0 |
F7 | √ | 2.92% | 80 |
F8 | √ | 2.92% | 140 |
F9 | √ | 2.92% | 260 |
Test No. S1 | Test No. S5 | Test No. S9 | |
---|---|---|---|
Floor mass (kg) | 660 + 260 | 660 + 260 | 660 + 260 |
Natural frequency of the floor (Hz) | 13.78 | 13.78 | 13.78 |
Pre-strain level (%) | - | 0 | 2.92% |
TMD mass (kg) | - | 24.9 | 24.9 |
TMD natural frequency (Hz) | - | 9.96 | 12.43 |
TMD damping ratio (%) | - | 0.8621 | 1.6949 |
Mass ratio (%) | - | 3.7 | 3.7 |
0.3268 | 0.3059 | 0.1836 | |
Peak acceleration reduction | - | 6.40% | 43.82% |
RF | 8.4159 | 6.4877 | 4.9804 |
RF reduction | - | 22.91% | 40.82% |
0.1617 | 0.1368 | 0.0898 | |
VDV reduction | - | 15.40% | 44.47% |
Test No. F1 | Test No. F5 | Test No. F9 | |
---|---|---|---|
Floor mass (kg) | 660 + 260 | 660 + 260 | 660 + 260 |
Natural frequency of the floor (Hz) | 13.78 | 13.78 | 13.78 |
Pre-strain level (%) | - | 0 | 2.92% |
TMD mass (kg) | - | 24.9 | 24.9 |
TMD natural frequency (Hz) | - | 9.96 | 12.43 |
TMD damping ratio (%) | - | 0.8621 | 1.6949 |
Mass ratio (%) | - | 3.7 | 3.7 |
0.4390 | 0.3740 | 0.2991 | |
Peak acceleration reduction | - | 14.81% | 31.87% |
RF | 12.6429 | 10.6855 | 11.7325 |
RF reduction | - | 15.48% | 7.20% |
0.2289 | 0.1808 | 0.1846 | |
VDV reduction | - | 21.01% | 19.35% |
Test No. S1 | Test No. S2 | Test No. S3 | Test No. S4 | Test No. S5 | Test No. S6 | Test No. S7 | Test No. S8 | Test No. S9 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Floor | TCC | TCC | TCC | TCC | TCC | TCC | TCC | TCC | TCC |
Floor mass (kg) | 660 + 260 | 660 | 660 + 80 | 660 + 140 | 660 + 260 | 660 | 660 + 80 | 660 + 140 | 660 + 260 |
Natural frequency of the floor (Hz) | 13.78 | 16.33 | 15.78 | 15.00 | 13.78 | 16.33 | 15.78 | 15.00 | 13.78 |
Pre-strain level (%) | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.92 | 2.92 | 2.92 | 2.92 |
TMD mass (kg) | - | 24.9 | 24.9 | 24.9 | 24.9 | 24.9 | 24.9 | 24.9 | 24.9 |
TMD natural frequency (Hz) | - | 9.96 | 9.96 | 9.96 | 9.96 | 12.43 | 12.43 | 12.43 | 12.43 |
TMD damping ratio (%) | - | 0.8621 | 0.8621 | 0.8621 | 0.8621 | 1.6949 | 1.6949 | 1.6949 | 1.6949 |
Mass ratio (%) | - | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 |
0.3268 | 0.5731 | 0.4604 | 0.2101 | 0.3059 | 0.2659 | 0.2505 | 0.1637 | 0.1836 | |
Peak acceleration reduction | Refer to | −75.37% | −40.88% | 35.71% | 6.40% | 18.64% | 23.35% | 49.91% | 43.82% |
RF | 8.4159 | 12.8072 | 9.9229 | 6.3701 | 6.4877 | 5.7964 | 6.0180 | 5.4455 | 4.9804 |
RF reduction | Refer to | −52.18% | −17.91% | 24.31% | 22.91% | 31.13% | 28.49% | 35.30% | 40.82% |
0.1617 | 0.2525 | 0.2057 | 0.1122 | 0.1368 | 0.1097 | 0.1158 | 0.0920 | 0.0898 | |
VDV reduction | Refer to | −56.15% | −27.21% | 30.61% | 15.40% | 32.16% | 28.39% | 43.10% | 44.47% |
Test No. F1 | Test No. F2 | Test No. F3 | Test No. F4 | Test No. F5 | Test No. F6 | Test No. F7 | Test No. F8 | Test No. F9 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Floor | TCC | TCC | TCC | TCC | TCC | TCC | TCC | TCC | TCC |
Floor mass (kg) | 660 + 260 | 660 | 660 + 80 | 660 + 140 | 660 + 260 | 660 | 660 + 80 | 660 + 140 | 660 + 260 |
Natural frequency of the floor (Hz) | 13.78 | 16.33 | 15.78 | 15.00 | 13.78 | 16.33 | 15.78 | 15.00 | 13.78 |
Pre-strain level (%) | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.92 | 2.92 | 2.92 | 2.92% |
TMD mass (kg) | - | 24.9 | 24.9 | 24.9 | 24.9 | 24.9 | 24.9 | 24.9 | 24.9 |
TMD natural frequency (Hz) | - | 9.96 | 9.96 | 9.96 | 9.96 | 12.43 | 12.43 | 12.43 | 12.43 |
TMD damping ratio (%) | - | 0.8621 | 0.8621 | 0.8621 | 0.8621 | 1.6949 | 1.6949 | 1.6949 | 1.6949 |
Mass ratio (%) | - | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 |
0.4390 | 0.606 | 0.3746 | 0.398 | 0.374 | 0.5244 | 0.339 | 0.3086 | 0.2991 | |
Peak acceleration reduction | Refer to | −38.04% | 14.67% | 9.34% | 14.81% | −19.45% | 22.78% | 29.70% | 31.87% |
RF | 12.6429 | 15.1009 | 10.4689 | 11.7853 | 10.6855 | 11.3889 | 8.8426 | 11.9719 | 11.7325 |
RF reduction | Refer to | −19.44% | 17.20% | 6.78% | 15.48% | 9.92% | 30.06% | 5.31% | 7.20% |
0.2289 | 0.2646 | 0.1603 | 0.2050 | 0.1808 | 0.2162 | 0.1615 | 0.1928 | 0.1846 | |
VDV reduction | Refer to | −15.60% | 29.97% | 10.44% | 21.01% | 5.55% | 29.45% | 15.77% | 19.35% |
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Yang, H.; Lu, X.; Sun, H.; Pan, Y.; Shi, B.; Li, Y.; Huang, H. Experimental Investigation of Vibration Control in Timber–Concrete Composite (TCC) Floors Using Tuned Mass Damper. Buildings 2025, 15, 1642. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15101642
Yang H, Lu X, Sun H, Pan Y, Shi B, Li Y, Huang H. Experimental Investigation of Vibration Control in Timber–Concrete Composite (TCC) Floors Using Tuned Mass Damper. Buildings. 2025; 15(10):1642. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15101642
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Huifeng, Xuhui Lu, Hao Sun, Yuxin Pan, Benkai Shi, Yifei Li, and Haoyu Huang. 2025. "Experimental Investigation of Vibration Control in Timber–Concrete Composite (TCC) Floors Using Tuned Mass Damper" Buildings 15, no. 10: 1642. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15101642
APA StyleYang, H., Lu, X., Sun, H., Pan, Y., Shi, B., Li, Y., & Huang, H. (2025). Experimental Investigation of Vibration Control in Timber–Concrete Composite (TCC) Floors Using Tuned Mass Damper. Buildings, 15(10), 1642. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15101642