Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Soil Treatment Using Calcium Carbonate Precipitation from Cultivated and Lyophilized Bacteria in Soil’s Compaction Water
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Biotechnological Solutions
2.2. Soils Description
2.2.1. Lampa Clay
2.2.2. Maicillo Silty Sand
2.3. Application of MICP and Experimental Program
2.4. Field Test on Lampa Clay
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Maicillo
3.1.1. Maicillo Treated with CMICP Compacted at 80% of Proctor Density
3.1.2. Effect of LMICP on Small-Strain Stiffness
3.1.3. Maicillo Treated with LMICP Compacted at 90% of Proctor Density
3.1.4. Discussion of Results in Maicillo Sandy Silt
3.2. Lampa Clay
3.2.1. Laboratory
3.2.2. Field Test
3.2.3. Discussion of Results in Soil with Expansive Clay
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Bacteria | ID | BAC (g/L) | Ash (g/L) | REC (g/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cultivated | CMICP | 16 | 0 | 24 |
Lyophilized | LMCIP-1 | 16 | 6 | 24 |
LMICP-2 | 32 | 12 | 48 | |
LMICP-4 | 64 | 24 | 96 |
Soil | Maicillo | Lampa Clay |
---|---|---|
Gravel | 0.5% | 0% |
Sand | 87.5% | 13% |
Fine content | 12% | 87% |
Liquid limit, LL | 36% | 78% |
Plastic index, IP | 11% | 49% |
USCS | SP-SM | CH |
Gs | 2.75 | 2.48 |
Maximum Proctor density | 19.52 kN/m3 | 16.57 kN/m3 |
Optimum water content | 10% | 20% |
Soil | Treatment ID | Curing Time | % Maximum Proctor Dry Density | Test |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lampa clay | CMICP | 7 and 28 days | 100% | Free swelling/swelling pressure |
LMICP-8 | 15 days | 80% | ||
LMICP-20 | ||||
Maicillo | CMICP | 7 and 28 days | 80% | CID triaxial test |
LMICP-20 | 0 to 7 days | 90% | Bender Element test | |
LMICP-4 | 0 to 28 days | |||
LMICP-10 | 15 days | CID triaxial test | ||
LMICP-10 | Triaxial compression test |
Soil Parcel | ID | Concentrations | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
BAC (g/L) | Ash (g/L) | REC (g/L) | ||
P1–P2 | UT | 0 | 0 | 0 |
P3–P4 | LMICP-50 | 800 | 300 | 1200 |
P5–P6 | LMICP-75 | 1200 | 450 | 1800 |
P7–P8 | LMICP-100 | 1600 | 600 | 2400 |
P9 | REC-100 | 0 | 0 | 2400 |
P10 | BAC-100 | 1600 | 600 | 0 |
Confinement (kPa) | Case | Esec (MPa) |
---|---|---|
50 | NT | 4 |
7 | 6.7 | |
28 | 6.5 | |
100 | NT | 5.6 |
7 | 5.4 | |
28 | 22.2 | |
200 | NT | 11 |
7 | 7.9 | |
28 | 12.5 |
Condition | εv (%) |
---|---|
NT_1 | 5% |
NT_2 | 4.7% |
CMICP_1 | 0% |
CMICP_2 | 0% |
Condition | εv (%) |
---|---|
NT_1 | 9.0% |
NT_2 | 9.7% |
LMICP-8_1 | 5.8% |
LMICP-8_2 | 3.5% |
LMICP-20_1 | 2.3% |
LMICP-20_2 | 0% |
REC-20_1 | 0.5% |
REC-20_2 | 0% |
Parcel | LL | IP |
---|---|---|
1 | 56 | 26 |
4 | 56 | 27 |
6 | 54 | 27 |
8 | 55 | 31 |
9 | 55 | 27 |
10 | 60 | 35 |
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Valencia-Galindo, M.; Sáez, E.; Ovalle, C.; Ruz, F. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Soil Treatment Using Calcium Carbonate Precipitation from Cultivated and Lyophilized Bacteria in Soil’s Compaction Water. Buildings 2021, 11, 545. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings11110545
Valencia-Galindo M, Sáez E, Ovalle C, Ruz F. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Soil Treatment Using Calcium Carbonate Precipitation from Cultivated and Lyophilized Bacteria in Soil’s Compaction Water. Buildings. 2021; 11(11):545. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings11110545
Chicago/Turabian StyleValencia-Galindo, Miguel, Esteban Sáez, Carlos Ovalle, and Francisco Ruz. 2021. "Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Soil Treatment Using Calcium Carbonate Precipitation from Cultivated and Lyophilized Bacteria in Soil’s Compaction Water" Buildings 11, no. 11: 545. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings11110545