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Laws, Volume 9, Issue 4

2020 December - 12 articles

Cover Story: The creation and distribution of child sexual abuse material (CSAM) has become one of the fastest-growing illicit online industries in the United States. With rapid technological advances, challenges arise in investigating and prosecuting these crimes. The aim of this research was to understand both challenges and facilitators as a foundation to develop best practices in this area. Qualitative interviews and focus groups were conducted throughout the western United States. Two major themes arose from this research. Theme 1: Challenges, which include: technology and internet service providers, laws, lack of resources, and service provider mental health and well-being; and Theme 2: Facilitators, which included multidisciplinary teams and training. This research is a first step in understanding the experiences of law enforcement and prosecutors in addressing CSAM. View this paper.
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Articles (12)

  • Article
  • Open Access
6,868 Views
12 Pages

21 December 2020

Central to EU law and policies is the protection of human rights. For the European Union (EU), these rights are sacrosanct. Over the years, more substance to the protection of fundamental rights emerged. The European Court of Justice (ECJ) is notably...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union: The First Ten Years - New Challenges and Perspectives)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
17,449 Views
23 Pages

6 December 2020

This article focuses on gendered experiences of the criminal justice system, specifically the experiences of adult female victims of sexual offending and the communication difficulties they experience during the criminal justice process. Drawing on t...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Criminology and Criminal Justice)
  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
20,373 Views
30 Pages

4 December 2020

The principle of certainty of taxation is the dimension of a general requirement of certainty in the legal system. The purpose of this article is to argue the thesis that uncertainty in tax law is not always an absolute evil, sometimes it acts as a m...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Legal-Economic Issues of Digital & Collaborative Economy)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
7,761 Views
23 Pages

30 November 2020

It is common for litigation to draw upon expert evidence to assist a judge to arrive at a balanced decision. This paper examines the role of one type of expert evidence submitted to courts, namely cultural expertise (CE), which provides information o...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union: The First Ten Years - New Challenges and Perspectives)
  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
13,052 Views
19 Pages

26 November 2020

Even public health emergencies must be handled within the framework of the rule of law. The alternative is social chaos. Every nation on earth has been touched by the impact of COVID-19, a deadly pandemic that has changed—perhaps permanently&md...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Crisis of Religious Freedom in the Age of COVID-19 Pandemic)
  • Article
  • Open Access
38 Citations
22,284 Views
19 Pages

26 November 2020

With technological advances, the creation and distribution of child sexual abuse material (CSAM) has become one of the fastest growing illicit online industries in the United States. Perpetrators are becoming increasingly sophisticated and exploit cu...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Laws and Emerging Technologies)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
11,084 Views
24 Pages

17 November 2020

This article examines the legal and ethical rationale for the deportation of ‘foreign criminals’ who have established their homes in the United Kingdom. It argues that provisions relating to automatic deportation constitute a second punis...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Migrants and Human Rights Protections)
  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
10,646 Views
27 Pages

11 November 2020

An environmental management system provides the institutional foundation for sound environmental governance. Conventional environmental management systems, deriving from the combination of the vertical management of competent authorities and the loca...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Law)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
5,914 Views
17 Pages

30 October 2020

The recent meteoric rise of innovative companies in the sharing economy has divided commentators and regulators alike on the question of their socio-economic impact. Do these economic activities herald an equitable and sustainable alternative to exis...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
8,612 Views
40 Pages

Offshore Processing Arrangements: Effect on Treaty Ratifications of Receiving States

  • Margarita Fourer,
  • Natalie Dietrich Jones and
  • Yusuf Ciftci

26 October 2020

This article examines offshore processing arrangements of four different time-periods and geo-political regions—the Safe Havens of the United States with Jamaica and the Turks and Caicos Islands; the 2001 and 2012 Pacific Solutions of Australia...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Refugees and International Law: The Challenge of Protection)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
8,285 Views
21 Pages

15 October 2020

In this paper, I trace the changing characterisation of health and consider the evolution of health within a shifting paradigmatic landscape. I argue that understanding health now encompasses the importance of wellbeing as a key determinant of longer...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union: The First Ten Years - New Challenges and Perspectives)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
5,852 Views
13 Pages

10 October 2020

Over the past few years, China’s marine economy has been vigorously booming, while strong measures have been equally undertaken to ensure superior quality of the marine environment. However, the country is still suffering illegal fishing proble...

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Law Issues)
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Laws - ISSN 2075-471X