Reliability and Validity of the Linear Transducer “ADR Encoder” for Measuring Power and Speed of the Sit-to-Stand Tests in Older Adults
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Participants
2.2. Sample Size
2.3. Assessment and Outcomes
2.3.1. The 30-s Chair Stand Test (30CS)
2.3.2. Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test (5STS)
2.3.3. Power and Speed Measurement with the Linear Transducer
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Results
3.2. Correlations of Speed and Power with Functional Performance in the 5STS and 30CS
3.3. Reliability of Speed and Power Measurements in 5STS and 30CS: Inter- and Intraobserver Consistency
3.4. Regression Coefficients of Speed and Power
3.5. Comparative Analysis of Frail and Non-Frail Older Adults
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
5STS | Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test |
30CS | 30-s Chair Stand Test |
BMI | Body Mass Index |
CI | Confidence Interval |
ICC | Intraclass Correlation Coefficient |
IQR | Interquartile Range |
STS | Sit-to-Stand Test |
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Variable | Mean ± SD |
---|---|
Female, % a | 60 (56.6%) |
Age, years | 72.9 ± 5.0 |
Weight, kg | 68.2 ± 10.4 |
Height, m | 1.57 ± 0.09 |
BMI, kg/m2 b | 27.4 (24.4, 31.3) |
Speed, m/s b | 0.52 (0.36, 0.62) |
Power, w b | 10.0 (7.0, 13.0) |
Distance, cm | 49.6 ± 8.6 |
5STS, s b | 10.5 (7.4, 13.5) |
30CS | 14.0 ± 4.0 |
5STS | 30CS | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r | rp | p | r | rp | p | |
Speed | −0.80 (−0.86–−0.71) | −0.71 | <0.001 | 0.80 (0.72–0.86) | 0.72 | <0.001 |
Power | −0.76 (−0.84–−0.69) | −0.69 | <0.001 | 0.78 (0.70–0.85) | 0.70 | <0.001 |
Variables | Interobserver ICC (95% CI) | p | Intraobserver ICC (95% CI) | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Speed | 0.90 (0.86–0.93) | <0.001 | 0.85 (0.79–0.90) | <0.001 |
Power | 0.88 (0.82–0.91) | <0.001 | 0.79 (0.71–0.85) | <0.001 |
B 5STS (95% CI) | p | B 30CS (95% CI) | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Speed | −0.036 (−0.042–−0.03) | <0.001 | 0.024 (0.020–0.027) | <0.001 |
Power | −0.71 (−0.83–−0.58) | <0.001 | 0.46 (0.39–0.54) | <0.001 |
Variables | Frail (n = 36) | Non-Frail (n = 69) | p |
---|---|---|---|
Speed, m/s | 0.40 ± 0.04 | 0.58 ± 0.08 | <0.001 |
Power, w | 7.8 ± 0.7 | 11.3 ± 1.8 | <0.001 |
Distance, cm | 48.2 ± 7.8 | 47.9 ± 7.9 | 0.567 |
5STS, s | 14.7 ± 2.0 | 9.7 ± 1.3 | <0.001 |
30CS | 9.8 ± 2.0 | 15.9 ± 2.6 | <0.001 |
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Polo-Ferrero, L.; Sánchez-Tocino, M.L.; Dávila-Marcos, A.; Carrera-Villegas, M.B.; Sánchez-Sánchez, M.C.; Méndez-Sánchez, R. Reliability and Validity of the Linear Transducer “ADR Encoder” for Measuring Power and Speed of the Sit-to-Stand Tests in Older Adults. Diagnostics 2025, 15, 1475. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15121475
Polo-Ferrero L, Sánchez-Tocino ML, Dávila-Marcos A, Carrera-Villegas MB, Sánchez-Sánchez MC, Méndez-Sánchez R. Reliability and Validity of the Linear Transducer “ADR Encoder” for Measuring Power and Speed of the Sit-to-Stand Tests in Older Adults. Diagnostics. 2025; 15(12):1475. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15121475
Chicago/Turabian StylePolo-Ferrero, Luis, María Luz Sánchez-Tocino, Arturo Dávila-Marcos, Marta Beatriz Carrera-Villegas, María Carmen Sánchez-Sánchez, and Roberto Méndez-Sánchez. 2025. "Reliability and Validity of the Linear Transducer “ADR Encoder” for Measuring Power and Speed of the Sit-to-Stand Tests in Older Adults" Diagnostics 15, no. 12: 1475. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15121475
APA StylePolo-Ferrero, L., Sánchez-Tocino, M. L., Dávila-Marcos, A., Carrera-Villegas, M. B., Sánchez-Sánchez, M. C., & Méndez-Sánchez, R. (2025). Reliability and Validity of the Linear Transducer “ADR Encoder” for Measuring Power and Speed of the Sit-to-Stand Tests in Older Adults. Diagnostics, 15(12), 1475. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15121475