The Genus Tripleurospermum Sch. Bip. (Asteraceae): A Comprehensive Review of Its Ethnobotanical Utilizations, Pharmacology, Phytochemistry, and Toxicity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Habitat, Distribution, and Ecology
3. Phytochemical Compounds of the Genus Tripleurospermum
4. General Uses, Medicinal Uses, and Pharmacological Studies
4.1. Antioxidant Activity
Taxon | Part of Plant | Extract | Type of Study |
---|---|---|---|
T. insularum | Aerial parts, flower, petal, leaf | Essential oil | DPPH (radical scavenging activity), FRAP (ferric-reducing activity) [59] |
T. disciforme | Peta, flowers, leaf | Water | FRAP assay [91] |
T. oreades | Aerial parts, flower | Water | DPPH-RS, linoleic acid peroxidation [68,91] |
T. disciforme | Petal, flower, leaf | Water | Linoleic acid peroxidation [68] |
T. limosum | Leaf, flower, root | Water, methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, ethyl ether, dichloromethane, or hexane | DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl radical assay, Superoxide radical assay, FRAP, CUPRAC assay, iron chelating assay, copper chelating assay, H2O2 assay, β-carotene bleaching assay [2], NO assay |
T. inodorum | Aerial parts | Essential oil Matricaria ester | DPPH [106] |
T. rosellum, T. corymbosum, T. temskyanum, T. caucasicum, T. conoclinum, T. callosum, T. Temskyanum, T. oreades, T. ziganaense, T. corymbosum, T. decipiens, T. disciforme, T. elongatum, T. Fissurale, T. heterolepis, T. hygrophilum, T. indorum, T. Kotschyi, T. melanolepis, T. microcephalum, T. monticola, T. oreades var. oreades, T. oreades var tchihatchewii, T. parvifiorum, T. Pichleri, T. rosellum var. album, T. rosellum var album, T. sevanese, T. subnivale, T. tempskyanum, T. tenuifolium, T. transcaucasicum | Leaf, flower, root | Methanol | ORAC, DPPH, FRAP, CUPRAC [103] |
4.2. Antimicrobial Activity
Part of Plant | Type of Study | Extract | Biological Activity |
---|---|---|---|
Aerial part (top flower) | Cup plate diffusion method | Methanol | S. aureus and S. epidermidis [89] |
Flower | MIC | Essential oil | Staphylococcus subtilis and Bacillues cereus [63] |
Leaf | Disc diffusion assay | n-Hexane, methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and water extract | Escherichia coli ATCC 29998, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Escherichia coli ATCC 11230, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P, Enterobacter cloacae ATCC13047, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Pseudomonas aeroginosa ATCC 27853, and Candida albicans, ATCC 10239 [113] |
Flower | Agar well diffusion (AD) assay, MIC, MBC /MFC | Essential oil | Aspergillus brasiliensis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Shigella dysenteriae, Escherichia coli [73] |
4.3. Anti-Inflammatory Activity
Part of Plant | Identified Compounds | Extract | Biological Activity |
---|---|---|---|
Aerial part | Linoleic and palmitic acids | n-Hexane Aqueous, ethyl acetate, and methanol | Anti-inflammatory, by carrageenan- and serotonin-induced paw edema acetic-acid-induced increase in capillary permeability models [114] |
Flower | Flavonoids such as apigenin, quercetin, patuletin, luteolin, and their glucosides | Water | Analgesic and anti-inflammatory, evaluated by formalin test, by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase(COX)-mediated conversion of arachidonic acid to prostanoids [118] |
Flower | Flavonoids and essential oil compounds [122] | Hydroalcoholic and chloroform | Antiulcerogenic potential [68,103]; anti-inflammatory, by carrageenan induced edema, formalin, and tail-flick test [114] |
Flower | Flavonoids such as flavones and flavonols, tannins, and essential oil | Hydroalcoholic | Protection against gastric ulcers in pylorus-ligated rats [87] |
4.4. Cytotoxic Activity
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Taxon | Activity | Extract | Biological Activity |
---|---|---|---|
T. disciforme | (−) | Methanol | (A549), (MCF7), (HepG2), and (HT-29) [123] |
T. parviflorum | n-Hexane | ||
(+) | methanol | Brine shrimp [113] | |
ethanol, ethyl acetate, and water | |||
T. disciforme | (+) | Dichloromethane | (AGS) and (WEHI-164) [74] |
T. disciforme | (−) | Methanol | PC12 cells [124] |
T. inodorum | (+) | Essential oil (matricaria ester | Brine shrimp [105] (Artemia salina) |
T. limosum | (+) | Methanol | TM3 cells [2] |
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Sheydaei, P.; Duarte, A.P. The Genus Tripleurospermum Sch. Bip. (Asteraceae): A Comprehensive Review of Its Ethnobotanical Utilizations, Pharmacology, Phytochemistry, and Toxicity. Life 2023, 13, 1323. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13061323
Sheydaei P, Duarte AP. The Genus Tripleurospermum Sch. Bip. (Asteraceae): A Comprehensive Review of Its Ethnobotanical Utilizations, Pharmacology, Phytochemistry, and Toxicity. Life. 2023; 13(6):1323. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13061323
Chicago/Turabian StyleSheydaei, Parvaneh, and Ana Paula Duarte. 2023. "The Genus Tripleurospermum Sch. Bip. (Asteraceae): A Comprehensive Review of Its Ethnobotanical Utilizations, Pharmacology, Phytochemistry, and Toxicity" Life 13, no. 6: 1323. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13061323