Assessment and Promotion of Geotouristic and Geomining Routes as a Basis for Local Development: A Case Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Study Zone Setting
3. Materials and Methods
4. Results
4.1. Selection of Information
4.2. Quantitative Assesment
Assessment of Pending Geosites by IELIG Method
4.3. Quantitative Analysis and Assesment
Route Assessment by GtRAM Method
- GtRAM applied to the GT-I route
- GtRAM applied to the GT-II route
- GtRAM applied to the GM-III route
4.4. New Route and Strategies
4.4.1. The Geodiversity Route
4.4.2. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) Analysis
5. Interpretation of Results and Discussion
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Qualitative Parameters | Value Range | Elements to Consider |
---|---|---|
Accessibility | 1–5 | Main roads Parking spaces Access by other types of transport (bicycle path, rail) |
Preparation and logistics | Presence of signage Trained tourist guides Basic services (hotels, restaurants) | |
Registration with the Ministry of Tourism | Tourist registration application entry Accommodation economic activities requirements Recreation fun and recreation | |
Regarding Heritage | Presence of human and cultural values of a particular historic period Presence of natural habitats | |
Contribution to scientific knowledge | Research studies in the area (scientific articles) Promotes knowledge in science Promotes the implementation of research proposals (theme parks, museums, sites, geopark, geotourism) | |
Ecotourism | Environmental awareness campaigns Activities that reduce the environmental impactSignage and information about environmental care at the sites |
Routes | Sites | Site Type/Interest | Location |
---|---|---|---|
GT-I (Figure S1 in the Supplementary Material) |
| Mining | Portovelo |
| Mining | ||
| Mining | ||
| Mining | ||
| Architectural | Zaruma | |
| Geological | ||
| Archaeological | ||
| Mining | ||
| Architectural | ||
| Architectural | ||
| Geological | ||
GT-II(Figure S2 in the Supplementary Material) |
| Architectural | Zaruma |
| Mining | ||
| Architectural | ||
| Geological | ||
| Geological | ||
| Geological | ||
| Variable | ||
| Architectural | ||
| Geological | ||
| Geological | ||
| Geological | ||
| Geological | ||
| Architectural | ||
| Archaeological | ||
| Archaeological | ||
| Geological | ||
| Geological | ||
| Architectural | ||
GM-III(Figure S3 in the Supplementary Material) |
| Mining | Zaruma |
| Geological | ||
| Mining | Portovelo | |
| Geological | ||
| Geological | Zaruma | |
| Geological |
Route | Length (Km) | Degree of Difficulty | Addressees | Level of Safety | Accessibility |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
GT-I | 37.06 | Low | Individual tourists and organized groups | High | Main order roads |
GT-II | 113.32 | High | Individual tourists and organized groups | High | Main and secondary order roads and pedestrian paths. |
GM-III | 63.59 | Medium | Individual tourists and organized groups | High | Main and secondary order roads and pedestrian paths. |
Internal Aspects | Strengths | Weaknesses | |
External Aspects | S1. The proposed route covers possible geosites and mining sites of historical, mining, natural and cultural relevance. S2. Recreational and educational activities related to geosciences. S3. Low-cost tour with tourist guides included. S4. Zaruma and Portovelo are national heritages of Ecuador. In addition, Zaruma was declared a magical town of Ecuador. | W1. Lack of conservation policies for potential geosites and mining sites. W2. The logistics are unfavourable on the primary and secondary roads of the route. W3. The entire route must be done by vehicle due to the distance from the sites. W4. Restricted access in mining interest sites because they are private property such as processing plants and lack of security protocols in others. | |
Opportunities | Strategies: Strengths + Opportunities | Strategies: Weaknesses + Opportunities | |
O1. The creation of a geopark that offers already designed mining georoutes. O2. Increase in the economy of the cantons due to social enterprises. O3. It is strengthening the development of alternative tourism “geotourism”. O4. Use of mining geosites as dissemination of the importance of conservation of geological-mining heritage. | S1.O1. Identification of new possible geosites that promote the creation of a Geopark. S2.O2.O3. Promote new forms of tourism, such as geological-mining parks, tourist mines and eco-museums to sustain communities. S3.O3.O4. Promote educational and at the same time recreational tourism, through geosites and mining sites where the importance of conserving the geological-mining heritage of a community is evident. | W1.O4. Establish an immediate plan for the conservation of geosites, to be recognized as part of the cantons’ geological-mining heritage for the recovery of the mining landscape. W2.O3. Recondition the road network, to strengthen tourism development for visitors. O1.O4. Recreation of mining areas through good post-mining management for the practice of clean energy in the Geopark project. | |
Threats | Strategies: Strengths + Threats | Strategies: Weaknesses + Threats | |
T1. There is deterioration due to weathering effects in natural geosites. T2. Illegal mining practice in the sector. T3. The spread of COVID-19 and its impact on geotourism. | S1.T1.T2. Work together with responsible entities to protect sites (private or public) with great geotourism value. | W1.T1. Set natural-type sites as a geological-mining heritage to be included in a protection project for them. |
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Carrión-Mero, P.; Herrera-Narváez, G.; Herrera-Franco, G.; Sánchez-Zambrano, E.; Mata-Perelló, J.; Berrezueta, E. Assessment and Promotion of Geotouristic and Geomining Routes as a Basis for Local Development: A Case Study. Minerals 2021, 11, 351. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11040351
Carrión-Mero P, Herrera-Narváez G, Herrera-Franco G, Sánchez-Zambrano E, Mata-Perelló J, Berrezueta E. Assessment and Promotion of Geotouristic and Geomining Routes as a Basis for Local Development: A Case Study. Minerals. 2021; 11(4):351. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11040351
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarrión-Mero, Paúl, Geanella Herrera-Narváez, Gricelda Herrera-Franco, Emily Sánchez-Zambrano, Josep Mata-Perelló, and Edgar Berrezueta. 2021. "Assessment and Promotion of Geotouristic and Geomining Routes as a Basis for Local Development: A Case Study" Minerals 11, no. 4: 351. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11040351
APA StyleCarrión-Mero, P., Herrera-Narváez, G., Herrera-Franco, G., Sánchez-Zambrano, E., Mata-Perelló, J., & Berrezueta, E. (2021). Assessment and Promotion of Geotouristic and Geomining Routes as a Basis for Local Development: A Case Study. Minerals, 11(4), 351. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11040351