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Symmetry
Volume 11
Issue 5
10.3390/sym11050618
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Article

MHD Boundary Layer Flow of Carreau Fluid over a Convectively Heated Bidirectional Sheet with Non-Fourier Heat Flux and Variable Thermal Conductivity

by
Dianchen Lu
1,
Mutaz Mohammad
2,
Muhammad Ramzan
3,4,*,
Muhammad Bilal
5,
Fares Howari
6 and
Muhammad Suleman
1,7
1
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
2
Department of Mathematics & Statistics, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, 144543 Abu Dhabi, UAE
3
Department of Computer Science, Bahria University, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
4
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Korea
5
Department of Mathematics, University of Lahore, Chenab Campus, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
6
College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, 144543 Abu Dhabi, UAE
7
Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Symmetry 2019, 11(5), 618; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11050618
Submission received: 1 April 2019 / Revised: 18 April 2019 / Accepted: 23 April 2019 / Published: 2 May 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry and Fluid Mechanics)
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Abstract

In the present exploration, instead of the more customary parabolic Fourier law, we have adopted the hyperbolic Cattaneo–Christov (C–C) heat flux model to jump over the major hurdle of “parabolic energy equation”. The more realistic three-dimensional Carreau fluid flow analysis is conducted in attendance of temperature-dependent thermal conductivity. The other salient impacts affecting the considered model are the homogeneous-heterogeneous (h-h) reactions and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD). The boundary conditions supporting the problem are convective heat and of h-h reactions. The considered boundary layer problem is addressed via similarity transformations to obtain the system of coupled differential equations. The numerical solutions are attained by undertaking the MATLAB built-in function bvp4c. To comprehend the consequences of assorted parameters on involved distributions, different graphs are plotted and are accompanied by requisite discussions in the light of their physical significance. To substantiate the presented results, a comparison to the already conducted problem is also given. It is envisaged that there is a close correlation between the two results. This shows that dependable results are being submitted. It is noticed that h-h reactions depict an opposite behavior versus concentration profile. Moreover, the temperature of the fluid augments for higher values of thermal conductivity parameters.
Keywords: Carreau fluid; Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model; convective heat boundary condition; temperature dependent thermal conductivity; homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions Carreau fluid; Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model; convective heat boundary condition; temperature dependent thermal conductivity; homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions

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MDPI and ACS Style

Lu, D.; Mohammad, M.; Ramzan, M.; Bilal, M.; Howari, F.; Suleman, M. MHD Boundary Layer Flow of Carreau Fluid over a Convectively Heated Bidirectional Sheet with Non-Fourier Heat Flux and Variable Thermal Conductivity. Symmetry 2019, 11, 618. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11050618

AMA Style

Lu D, Mohammad M, Ramzan M, Bilal M, Howari F, Suleman M. MHD Boundary Layer Flow of Carreau Fluid over a Convectively Heated Bidirectional Sheet with Non-Fourier Heat Flux and Variable Thermal Conductivity. Symmetry. 2019; 11(5):618. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11050618

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lu, Dianchen, Mutaz Mohammad, Muhammad Ramzan, Muhammad Bilal, Fares Howari, and Muhammad Suleman. 2019. "MHD Boundary Layer Flow of Carreau Fluid over a Convectively Heated Bidirectional Sheet with Non-Fourier Heat Flux and Variable Thermal Conductivity" Symmetry 11, no. 5: 618. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11050618

APA Style

Lu, D., Mohammad, M., Ramzan, M., Bilal, M., Howari, F., & Suleman, M. (2019). MHD Boundary Layer Flow of Carreau Fluid over a Convectively Heated Bidirectional Sheet with Non-Fourier Heat Flux and Variable Thermal Conductivity. Symmetry, 11(5), 618. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11050618

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