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Volume 14
Issue 12
10.3390/land14122351
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Measuring the Degree of Residents’ Integration in Heritage Site Conservation and Utilization—A Case Study of Han Chang’an City Heritage Area

by
Jingxuan Wu
1,
Dingqing Zhang
2,*,
Yilin Wang
1,
Jieru Ji
1,
Yufei Li
1,
Yiqing Zhao
3,*,
Yingtao Qi
2,
Ding Ma
4 and
Jing Ying
5
1
XJTU-POLIMI Joint School, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
2
School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
3
School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
4
Research Institute for Smart Cities, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
5
School of Economics, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Land 2025, 14(12), 2351; https://doi.org/10.3390/land14122351 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 15 October 2025 / Revised: 22 November 2025 / Accepted: 28 November 2025 / Published: 30 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rural-Urban Interaction in Terms of the Spatial Pattern and Local Development)
Versions Notes

Abstract

A persistent conflict exists between heritage site conservation and local residents’ livelihood development, often described as “site conservation restricting regional development, and regional development damaging site conservation”. As key stakeholders, residents often have insufficient participation and limited benefits. This issue weakens their connection with the heritage site and also hinders the realization of its social value. In response to the lack of quantitative analysis in this field, this study introduces the concept of “degree of residents’ integration” and constructs an evaluation model based on participation and benefit. The model was applied to four villages within the Han Chang’an City Site in Xi’an, China. Through literature analysis and field investigations, characteristic elements of residents’ integration were identified and classified into five dimensions, comprising 17 indicators. Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and the Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation (FCE) method, a quantitative index system is constructed and applied to survey data to assess the residents’ integration degree. Results show an overall integration score of 64.31, indicating a moderate level. Dimensions related to industry and economy, and culture and leisure scored higher, while social welfare and subjective consciousness scored lower, reflecting weaker benefit perception and engagement. Its main contribution is proposing and operationalizing the “degree of residents’ integration” concept, providing a quantitative, replicable framework.
Keywords: heritage conservation and utilization; resident integration; analytic hierarchy process; fuzzy comprehensive evaluation heritage conservation and utilization; resident integration; analytic hierarchy process; fuzzy comprehensive evaluation

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Wu, J.; Zhang, D.; Wang, Y.; Ji, J.; Li, Y.; Zhao, Y.; Qi, Y.; Ma, D.; Ying, J. Measuring the Degree of Residents’ Integration in Heritage Site Conservation and Utilization—A Case Study of Han Chang’an City Heritage Area. Land 2025, 14, 2351. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14122351

AMA Style

Wu J, Zhang D, Wang Y, Ji J, Li Y, Zhao Y, Qi Y, Ma D, Ying J. Measuring the Degree of Residents’ Integration in Heritage Site Conservation and Utilization—A Case Study of Han Chang’an City Heritage Area. Land. 2025; 14(12):2351. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14122351

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wu, Jingxuan, Dingqing Zhang, Yilin Wang, Jieru Ji, Yufei Li, Yiqing Zhao, Yingtao Qi, Ding Ma, and Jing Ying. 2025. "Measuring the Degree of Residents’ Integration in Heritage Site Conservation and Utilization—A Case Study of Han Chang’an City Heritage Area" Land 14, no. 12: 2351. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14122351

APA Style

Wu, J., Zhang, D., Wang, Y., Ji, J., Li, Y., Zhao, Y., Qi, Y., Ma, D., & Ying, J. (2025). Measuring the Degree of Residents’ Integration in Heritage Site Conservation and Utilization—A Case Study of Han Chang’an City Heritage Area. Land, 14(12), 2351. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14122351

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