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Article

Combining Fuzzy, Multicriteria and Mapping Techniques to Assess Soil Fertility for Agricultural Development: A Case Study of Firozabad District, Uttar Pradesh, India

by
Anuj Saraswat
1,
Shri Ram
1,
Mohamed A. E. AbdelRahman
2,
Md Basit Raza
3,*,
Debasis Golui
4,5,*,
Hombegowda HC
3,
Pramod Lawate
6,
Sonal Sharma
7,
Amit Kumar Dash
8,
Antonio Scopa
9 and
Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
10,11
1
Department of Soil Science, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263145, India
2
Division of Environmental Studies and Land Use, National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences (NARSS), Cairo 1564, Egypt
3
ICAR—Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, RC, Koraput 763002, India
4
Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
5
Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
6
ICAR—Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun 248195, India
7
Department of Soil Science, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur 313001, India
8
ICAR—National Bureau of Soil Survey & Land Use Planning, Nagpur 440033, India
9
Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali (SAFE), University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano, 10-85100 Potenza, Italy
10
Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
11
Department of General Educational Development, Faculty of Science & Information Technology, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
 
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Land 2023, 12(4), 860; https://doi.org/10.3390/land12040860
Submission received: 12 March 2023 / Revised: 2 April 2023 / Accepted: 6 April 2023 / Published: 11 April 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Soil Quality Assessment under Different Land Use Types: A Tool for Supporting Soil Management)
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Abstract

Soil fertility (SF) assessment is an important strategy for identifying agriculturally productive lands, particularly in areas that are vulnerable to climate change. This research focuses on detecting SF zones in Firozabad district, Uttar Pradesh, India, for agricultural purposes, so that they can be prioritized for future management using the fuzzy technique in the Arc GIS model-builder. The model computing technique was also deployed to determine the different fertility zones, considering 17 soil parameters. The derived fuzzy technique outperformed the traditional method of dividing the sampling sites into clusters to correlate soil fertility classes with the studied soil samples. The prioritization of the soil factors and a spatial analysis of the fertility areas were carried out using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and GIS tools, respectively. The AHP analysis outcome indicated that hydraulic properties had the highest weighted value, followed by physical and chemical properties, regarding their influence on SF. The spatial distribution map of physico-chemical properties also clearly depicts the standard classification. A fuzzy priority map was implemented based on all the classes parameters to identify the five fertility classes of the soil, namely very high (0.05%); high (16.59%); medium (60.94%); low (22.34%); and very low (0.07% of total area). This study will be of significant value to planners and policymakers in the future planning and development of activities and schemes that aim to solve similar problems across the country.
Keywords: fuzzy model; geographical information system (GIS); spatial interpolation; soil fertility mapping fuzzy model; geographical information system (GIS); spatial interpolation; soil fertility mapping

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MDPI and ACS Style

Saraswat, A.; Ram, S.; AbdelRahman, M.A.E.; Raza, M.B.; Golui, D.; HC, H.; Lawate, P.; Sharma, S.; Dash, A.K.; Scopa, A.; et al. Combining Fuzzy, Multicriteria and Mapping Techniques to Assess Soil Fertility for Agricultural Development: A Case Study of Firozabad District, Uttar Pradesh, India. Land 2023, 12, 860. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12040860

AMA Style

Saraswat A, Ram S, AbdelRahman MAE, Raza MB, Golui D, HC H, Lawate P, Sharma S, Dash AK, Scopa A, et al. Combining Fuzzy, Multicriteria and Mapping Techniques to Assess Soil Fertility for Agricultural Development: A Case Study of Firozabad District, Uttar Pradesh, India. Land. 2023; 12(4):860. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12040860

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saraswat, Anuj, Shri Ram, Mohamed A. E. AbdelRahman, Md Basit Raza, Debasis Golui, Hombegowda HC, Pramod Lawate, Sonal Sharma, Amit Kumar Dash, Antonio Scopa, and et al. 2023. "Combining Fuzzy, Multicriteria and Mapping Techniques to Assess Soil Fertility for Agricultural Development: A Case Study of Firozabad District, Uttar Pradesh, India" Land 12, no. 4: 860. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12040860

APA Style

Saraswat, A., Ram, S., AbdelRahman, M. A. E., Raza, M. B., Golui, D., HC, H., Lawate, P., Sharma, S., Dash, A. K., Scopa, A., & Rahman, M. M. (2023). Combining Fuzzy, Multicriteria and Mapping Techniques to Assess Soil Fertility for Agricultural Development: A Case Study of Firozabad District, Uttar Pradesh, India. Land, 12(4), 860. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12040860

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