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Article

Moisture Origin and Transport for Extreme Precipitation over Indonesia’s New Capital City, Nusantara in August 2021

by
Anis Purwaningsih
1,*,
Sandro W. Lubis
1,2,
Eddy Hermawan
1,
Dita Fatria Andarini
1,
Teguh Harjana
1,
Dian Nur Ratri
3,4,
Ainur Ridho
5,
Risyanto
1 and
Akas Pinaringan Sujalu
6
1
Research Center for Climate and Atmosphere (PRIMA), National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta 10340, Indonesia
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, 5100 Main Str., Houston, TX 77005, USA
3
Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency, Jakarta 10720, Indonesia
4
Meteorology and Air Quality Group, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg, 6708 Wageningen, The Netherlands
5
Cerdas Antisipasi Risiko Bencana Indonesia (CARI), Bandung 40293, Indonesia
6
Departement Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945, Samarinda 75123, Indonesia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Atmosphere 2022, 13(9), 1391; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13091391
Submission received: 30 July 2022 / Revised: 26 August 2022 / Accepted: 26 August 2022 / Published: 30 August 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Characteristics and Attribution of Extreme Rainfall Events)
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Abstract

Nusantara, Indonesia’s new capital city, experienced a rare extreme rainfall event on 27–28 August 2021. This heavy rainfall occurred in August, the driest month of the year based on the monthly climatology data, and caused severe flooding and landslides. To better understand the underlying mechanisms for such extreme precipitation events, we investigated the moisture sources and transport processes using the Lagrangian model HYSPLIT. Our findings revealed that moisture was mostly transported to Nusantara along three major routes: from Borneo Island (BRN, 53.73%), the Banda Sea and its surroundings (BSS, 32.03%), and Sulawesi Island (SUL, 9.05%). Overall, BRN and SUL were the main sources of terrestrial moisture, whereas the BSS was the main oceanic moisture source, having a lower contribution than its terrestrial counterpart. The terrestrial moisture transport from BRN was mainly driven by the large-scale high vortex flow, whereas the moisture transport from the SUL was driven by the circulation induced by boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) and low-frequency variability associated with La Niña. The near-surface oceanic moisture transport from BSS is primarily associated with prevailing winds due to the Australian monsoon system. These insights into moisture sources and pathways can potentially improve the accuracy of predictions of summer precipitation extremes in Indonesia’s new capital city, Nusantara, and benefit natural resource managers in the region.
Keywords: moisture sources; moisture transport; extreme precipitation; Nusantara; Indonesia moisture sources; moisture transport; extreme precipitation; Nusantara; Indonesia

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MDPI and ACS Style

Purwaningsih, A.; Lubis, S.W.; Hermawan, E.; Andarini, D.F.; Harjana, T.; Ratri, D.N.; Ridho, A.; Risyanto; Sujalu, A.P. Moisture Origin and Transport for Extreme Precipitation over Indonesia’s New Capital City, Nusantara in August 2021. Atmosphere 2022, 13, 1391. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13091391

AMA Style

Purwaningsih A, Lubis SW, Hermawan E, Andarini DF, Harjana T, Ratri DN, Ridho A, Risyanto, Sujalu AP. Moisture Origin and Transport for Extreme Precipitation over Indonesia’s New Capital City, Nusantara in August 2021. Atmosphere. 2022; 13(9):1391. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13091391

Chicago/Turabian Style

Purwaningsih, Anis, Sandro W. Lubis, Eddy Hermawan, Dita Fatria Andarini, Teguh Harjana, Dian Nur Ratri, Ainur Ridho, Risyanto, and Akas Pinaringan Sujalu. 2022. "Moisture Origin and Transport for Extreme Precipitation over Indonesia’s New Capital City, Nusantara in August 2021" Atmosphere 13, no. 9: 1391. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13091391

APA Style

Purwaningsih, A., Lubis, S. W., Hermawan, E., Andarini, D. F., Harjana, T., Ratri, D. N., Ridho, A., Risyanto, & Sujalu, A. P. (2022). Moisture Origin and Transport for Extreme Precipitation over Indonesia’s New Capital City, Nusantara in August 2021. Atmosphere, 13(9), 1391. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13091391

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