Long Non-Coding RNAs Responsive to Salt and Boron Stress in the Hyper-Arid Lluteño Maize from Atacama Desert
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Growth and Stress Treatment
2.2. Ion Analysis
2.3. RNA Extraction and Sequencing
2.4. Raw Data Filtering and Quality Control
2.5. Transcriptome Reconstruction Strategy and Long Non-Coding RNAs Identification
2.6. Comparative Genomics of Lluteño Long Non-Coding RNAs
2.7. Differential Expression Analysis
2.8. Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Validation
2.9. Quantification and Data Analysis of Reverse Transcription-Quantitative PCR Products
2.10. Trans Natural Antisense Transcripts Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Lluteño Maize Is Extremely Resistant to Salt and Boron Compared to Commercial Hybrids
3.2. Identifying a Comprehensive Repertoire of lncRNAs in Lluteño Maize Transcriptome
3.3. Lluteño Maize Presents a Surprisingly Number of Exclusive lncRNAs
3.4. Genomic Organization of Lluteño lncRNAs According to B73 Reference Sequence
3.5. An Overall Higher Expression of Long Non-Coding RNAs Compared to Protein Coding Genes Is Observed in Lluteño Maize under 96 h of Exposure to Stressed Conditions
3.6. Long Non-Coding RNAs Are Differentially Expressed Especially on Roots under Long Exposure to Salt and Boron
3.7. Validation of Novel lncRNAs by Quantitative PCR
3.8. Long Non-Coding RNAs as Potential Trans Natural Antisense Transcripts
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | 100-nt Class | High-Coverage Class | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Both | None | Only Coding | Only lncRNA | Both | None | Only Coding | Only lncRNA | |
Leaf Control | 3532 | 1124 | 952 | 2742 | 5781 | 5095 | 3777 | 4770 |
Leaf 3 h | 3109 | 1305 | 1062 | 2874 | 5024 | 5789 | 4200 | 4410 |
Leaf 96 h | 3950 | 8130 | 787 | 2800 | 6892 | 3878 | 3386 | 5267 |
Root Control | 3026 | 1328 | 1312 | 2684 | 5775 | 4968 | 4104 | 4576 |
Root 3 h | 2891 | 1444 | 1235 | 2780 | 5812 | 4825 | 3894 | 4892 |
Root 96 h | 2380 | 2209 | 1428 | 2333 | 4081 | 7238 | 4625 | 3479 |
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Huanca-Mamani, W.; Arias-Carrasco, R.; Cárdenas-Ninasivincha, S.; Rojas-Herrera, M.; Sepúlveda-Hermosilla, G.; Caris-Maldonado, J.C.; Bastías, E.; Maracaja-Coutinho, V. Long Non-Coding RNAs Responsive to Salt and Boron Stress in the Hyper-Arid Lluteño Maize from Atacama Desert. Genes 2018, 9, 170. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes9030170
Huanca-Mamani W, Arias-Carrasco R, Cárdenas-Ninasivincha S, Rojas-Herrera M, Sepúlveda-Hermosilla G, Caris-Maldonado JC, Bastías E, Maracaja-Coutinho V. Long Non-Coding RNAs Responsive to Salt and Boron Stress in the Hyper-Arid Lluteño Maize from Atacama Desert. Genes. 2018; 9(3):170. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes9030170
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuanca-Mamani, Wilson, Raúl Arias-Carrasco, Steffany Cárdenas-Ninasivincha, Marcelo Rojas-Herrera, Gonzalo Sepúlveda-Hermosilla, José Carlos Caris-Maldonado, Elizabeth Bastías, and Vinicius Maracaja-Coutinho. 2018. "Long Non-Coding RNAs Responsive to Salt and Boron Stress in the Hyper-Arid Lluteño Maize from Atacama Desert" Genes 9, no. 3: 170. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes9030170
APA StyleHuanca-Mamani, W., Arias-Carrasco, R., Cárdenas-Ninasivincha, S., Rojas-Herrera, M., Sepúlveda-Hermosilla, G., Caris-Maldonado, J. C., Bastías, E., & Maracaja-Coutinho, V. (2018). Long Non-Coding RNAs Responsive to Salt and Boron Stress in the Hyper-Arid Lluteño Maize from Atacama Desert. Genes, 9(3), 170. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes9030170