The Osteosarcoma Microenvironment: A Complex but Targetable Ecosystem
1
INSERM, Nantes University, UMR1238 Phy-Os “Bone Sarcomas and Remodeling of Calcified Tissues”, F-44035 Nantes, France
2
CNRS GDR3697 MicroNit, F-37044 Tours, France
3
Department of Orthopedic, Nantes Hospital, CHU Hotel-Dieu, F-44035 Nantes, France
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cells 2020, 9(4), 976; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9040976
Received: 20 March 2020
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Revised: 6 April 2020
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Accepted: 11 April 2020
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Published: 15 April 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Cancers: Bone Sarcomas)
Osteosarcomas are the most frequent primary bone sarcomas, affecting mainly children, adolescents, and young adults, and with a second peak of incidence in elderly individuals. The current therapeutic management, a combined regimen of poly-chemotherapy and surgery, still remains largely insufficient, as patient survival has not improved in recent decades. Osteosarcomas are very heterogeneous tumors, both at the intra- and inter-tumor level, with no identified driver mutation. Consequently, efforts to improve treatments using targeted therapies have faced this lack of specific osteosarcoma targets. Nevertheless, these tumors are inextricably linked to their local microenvironment, composed of bone, stromal, vascular and immune cells and the osteosarcoma microenvironment is now considered to be essential and supportive for growth and dissemination. This review describes the different actors of the osteosarcoma microenvironment and gives an overview of the past, current, and future strategies of therapy targeting this complex ecosystem, with a focus on the role of extracellular vesicles and on the emergence of multi-kinase inhibitors.
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Keywords:
Osteosarcoma; microenvironment; bone; stromal cells; vascular cells; targeted therapies; extracellular vesicles; multi-kinase inhibitors
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MDPI and ACS Style
Corre, I.; Verrecchia, F.; Crenn, V.; Redini, F.; Trichet, V. The Osteosarcoma Microenvironment: A Complex but Targetable Ecosystem. Cells 2020, 9, 976. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9040976
AMA Style
Corre I, Verrecchia F, Crenn V, Redini F, Trichet V. The Osteosarcoma Microenvironment: A Complex but Targetable Ecosystem. Cells. 2020; 9(4):976. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9040976
Chicago/Turabian StyleCorre, Isabelle, Franck Verrecchia, Vincent Crenn, Francoise Redini, and Valérie Trichet. 2020. "The Osteosarcoma Microenvironment: A Complex but Targetable Ecosystem" Cells 9, no. 4: 976. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9040976
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