FTH1 Pseudogenes in Cancer and Cell Metabolism
1
Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
2
Research Center of Biochemistry and Advanced Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors equally contributed to this work.
Cells 2020, 9(12), 2554; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9122554
Received: 27 October 2020 / Revised: 24 November 2020 / Accepted: 24 November 2020 / Published: 28 November 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic Rewiring in Cancer Cells: From Tumor Onset to Novel Therapies)
Ferritin, the principal intracellular iron-storage protein localized in the cytoplasm, nucleus, and mitochondria, plays a major role in iron metabolism. The encoding ferritin genes are members of a multigene family that includes some pseudogenes. Even though pseudogenes have been initially considered as relics of ancient genes or junk DNA devoid of function, their role in controlling gene expression in normal and transformed cells has recently been re-evaluated. Numerous studies have revealed that some pseudogenes compete with their parental gene for binding to the microRNAs (miRNAs), while others generate small interference RNAs (siRNAs) to decrease functional gene expression, and still others encode functional mutated proteins. Consequently, pseudogenes can be considered as actual master regulators of numerous biological processes. Here, we provide a detailed classification and description of the structural features of the ferritin pseudogenes known to date and review the recent evidence on their mutual interrelation within the complex regulatory network of the ferritin gene family.
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Keywords:
ferritin heavy chain (FTH1); pseudogenes; iron metabolism; miRNA; competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA)
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MDPI and ACS Style
Di Sanzo, M.; Quaresima, B.; Biamonte, F.; Palmieri, C.; Faniello, M.C. FTH1 Pseudogenes in Cancer and Cell Metabolism. Cells 2020, 9, 2554. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9122554
AMA Style
Di Sanzo M, Quaresima B, Biamonte F, Palmieri C, Faniello MC. FTH1 Pseudogenes in Cancer and Cell Metabolism. Cells. 2020; 9(12):2554. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9122554
Chicago/Turabian StyleDi Sanzo, Maddalena; Quaresima, Barbara; Biamonte, Flavia; Palmieri, Camillo; Faniello, Maria C. 2020. "FTH1 Pseudogenes in Cancer and Cell Metabolism" Cells 9, no. 12: 2554. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9122554
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