Application of Highly Immunocompromised Mice for the Establishment of Patient-Derived Xenograft (PDX) Models
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Establishment of Immunocompromised Mice
2.1. Nude Mice
2.2. Severe Combined Immunodeficient Mice
2.3. Non-Obese Diabetic/SCID Mice and NOD/SCID-Based Immunocompromised Mice
2.4. BALB/c Background Immunocompromised Mice
3. Establishment and Application of Nude/Hairless Immunocompromised Mice
4. Establishment of PDX Models Using Various Immunocompromised Mice
5. Generation of PDX-Derived Cell Lines
6. PDX in Humanized Mice
7. Perspective
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mice | NOD/SCID | NOG | NSG | NOJ |
---|---|---|---|---|
Strain | NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid | NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Sug/Jic | NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ | NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidJak3tm1card |
Genetic defects | SCID | SCID, IL-2γ Partial deficiency | SCID, IL-2Rγ Complete deficiency | SCID, Jak3 deficiency |
Developer | CIEA 1, Jackson Laboratory | CIEA 1 | Jackson Laboratory | Kumamoto University |
Supplier | Japan Clea Charles River | Japan Clea | Charles River | Kumamoto University |
NK activities | NK cell dysfunction | Complete loss of NK cells | Complete loss of NK cells | Complete loss of NK cells |
Reference | [18] | [21] | [22] | [23] |
Mice | SCID | Rag-1/Rag-2 Knock Out Mice |
---|---|---|
Chromosome | Chr.16 | Chr.11 p13 |
Mutated gene | Prkdc | Recombination-activation gene-1/-2 |
Mutation | Natural mutant | Homologous recombination |
Immunological phenotype | Deficiency of mature B and T lymphocytes NK cells are normal | Deficiency of mature B and T lymphocytes NK cells were normal |
Radiation sensitivity | Sensitive (Lethal dose < 3 Gy) | Normal (Lethal dose 9 Gy) |
Leakiness | Leaky | None |
Mice | Hairless | Nude | SCID Hairless | Nude R/J | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Strain | BALB/c | BALB/c | CB17.Cg/ICR | BALB/c | |
Gene abnormality | Hairless | Foxn1 | Hairless, SCID | Foxn1, Rag-2, Jak3 | |
Immune system | T cells | + | − | − | − |
B cells | + | + | − | − | |
NK cells | + | + | + | − | |
Hair coat | None | None | None | None |
Mouse Strain | Phenotype | Advantage | Disadvantage/Consideration | Success Rate of PDX |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nude | No thymus, no coat of hair | Well characterized, easy to detect s.c. tumor | Functional B and NK cells, increased T cell leakage with age | Low |
SCID | No mature T and B cells | Better engraftment compared with nude | Functional NK cell, leakage of T cells, radiosensitive | Low |
SCID/Beige | No mature T and B cells, impaired Mφ and NK function | Better engraftment compared with SCID | Leakage of T cells, radiosensitive | Moderate |
NOD/SCID | No mature T and B cells Impaired NK function Impaired Mφ & DC | Better engraftment | Spontaneous lymphoma Short life span (av. 36wks) Radiosensitive | Moderate |
NOG/NSG/NOJ | No mature T and B cells, no NK cells, impaired Mφ and DC | Excellent engraftment of PDX including hematopoietic malignancies | Need strict SPF conditions, breeding is not easy, expensive | High |
BALB/c Rag2null/IL2Rγnull (BRG) Rag-2 null/Jak3 null (BRJ) | No mature T and B cells, no NK cells | Excellent engraftment of PDX, resistant to stress, easy breeding, radio resistant | High |
Tumor Type | Mice Strain | Implantation Site | Number of Sample | Engraftment Ratio | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cholangiocarcinoma | SCID NOD/SCID BRJ | s.c. * s.c. s.c. | 55 20 16 | 34.5% 5.8% 75% | Ojima, 2010 [84] Cavalloni, 2016 [85] Vaeteewoottacharn, 2019 [57] |
Colorectal cancer | Nude NOD/SCID NSG | s.c. s.c. s.c | 85 85 27 | 63.5% 87% 54% | Julien, 2012 [86] Bertolini, 2011 [87] Chou, 2013 [88] |
Pancreatic cancer | Nude SCID NSG | s.c. s.c. s.c | 69 12 121 | 61% 67% 71.1% | Garrido-Laguna, 2011 [89] Mattie, 2013 [90] Guo, 2019 [91] |
Gastric cancer | Nude NOD/SCID Nude/SCID Nude/NOG | s.c. s.c. s.c s.c | 32 185 83/119 62 | 73.7% 34.1% 16.9%/26.9% 24.2% | Wang, 2017 [92] Zhu, 2015 [93] Zhang, 2015 [94] Choi, 2016 [95] |
Head and neck cancer | Nude NSG | s.c. s.c. | 46 26 | 54% 84.6% | Keysar, 2013 [96] Kimple, 2013 [97] |
Breast cancer | Nude Nude Nude NOD/SCID SCID/Beige NSG | s.c. fat pad ** fat pad fat pad s.c. s.c. | 200 314 109 49 162 32 | 12.5% 2.5% (ER+) 24.3% (ER−) 27% 19% 31.3% | Marangoni, 2007 [98] Cottu, 2012 [99] DeRose, 2011 [100] Zhang, 2013 [101] |
Ovarian cancer | Nude Nude SCID SCID NSG | s.c. r.c. *** s.c. s.c. s.c. | 138 45 34 168 12 | 25% 48.8% 50% 74% 83% | Ricci, 2014 [102] Heo, 2017 [103] Dobbin, 2014 [104] Weroha, 2014 [105] Topp, 2014 [106] |
Non-small lung cancer | NOD/SCID NOD/SCID NOD/SCID NSG | s.c. r.c. s.c. s.c. | 102 527 308 441 | 25% 90% 26% 28.7% | Fichtner, 2008 [107] Dong, 2010 [108] Chen, 2019 [109] Wang, 2017 [51] |
Glioblastoma | NSG | orthotopic | 100 | 30% | Brabetz, 2018 [110] |
Prostate | Nude NOD/SCID SCID SCID SCID NSG | s.c. s.c. s.c. orthotopic r.c. s.c. | 23 23 86 57 122 27 | 39% 48% 58.1% 71.9% 93.4% 37% | Priolo, 2010 [111] Wang, 2005 [66] Wetterauer, 2015 [112] |
Renal cell carcinoma | Nude NOD/SCID NSG | s.c. r.c. s.c. | 336 94 74 | 8.9% 37.2% 45% | Lang, 2016 [113] Sivanand, 2013 [114] Dong, 2017 [115] |
Melanoma | NOG NSG | s.c. s.c. | 26 694 | 88.4% 65.8% | Einarsdottir, 2014 [116] Krepler, 2017 [117] |
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Okada, S.; Vaeteewoottacharn, K.; Kariya, R. Application of Highly Immunocompromised Mice for the Establishment of Patient-Derived Xenograft (PDX) Models. Cells 2019, 8, 889. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8080889
Okada S, Vaeteewoottacharn K, Kariya R. Application of Highly Immunocompromised Mice for the Establishment of Patient-Derived Xenograft (PDX) Models. Cells. 2019; 8(8):889. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8080889
Chicago/Turabian StyleOkada, Seiji, Kulthida Vaeteewoottacharn, and Ryusho Kariya. 2019. "Application of Highly Immunocompromised Mice for the Establishment of Patient-Derived Xenograft (PDX) Models" Cells 8, no. 8: 889. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8080889