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Cells
Volume 11
Issue 22
10.3390/cells11223540
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Article

Subcutaneous Stromal Cells and Visceral Adipocyte Size Are Determinants of Metabolic Flexibility in Obesity and in Response to Weight Loss Surgery

by
Séverine Ledoux
1,*,
Nathalie Boulet
2,
Chloé Belles
2,
Alexia Zakaroff-Girard
2,
Arnaud Bernard
3,
Albéric Germain
2,
Pauline Decaunes
2,
Anaïs Briot
2,
Jean Galitzky
2 and
Anne Bouloumié
2,*
1
Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Louis Mourier (APHP.Nord) and University Paris Cité, 92700 Colombe, France
2
Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1297, Team Dinamix, 31432 Toulouse, France
3
UMR 1231 Lipides/Nutrition/Cancer INSERM/Univ Bourgogne-Franche-Comté/AgroSupDijon, 21000 Dijon, France
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cells 2022, 11(22), 3540; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11223540
Submission received: 7 October 2022 / Revised: 2 November 2022 / Accepted: 5 November 2022 / Published: 9 November 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Adipose Tissue in Metabolic Diseases and Beyond)
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Abstract

Adipose tissue (AT) expansion either through hypertrophy or hyperplasia is determinant in the link between obesity and metabolic alteration. The present study aims to profile the unhealthy subcutaneous and visceral AT (SAT, VAT) expansion in obesity and in the outcomes of bariatric surgery (BS). The repartition of adipocytes according to diameter and the numbers of progenitor subtypes and immune cells of SAT and VAT from 161 obese patients were determined by cell imaging and flow cytometry, respectively. Associations with insulin resistance (IR) prior to BS as well as with the loss of excessive weight (EWL) and IR at 1 and 3 years post-BS were studied; prior to BS, SAT and VAT, unhealthy expansions are characterized by the accumulation of adipogenic progenitors and CD4+ T lymphocytes and by adipocyte hypertrophy and elevated macrophage numbers, respectively. Such SAT stromal profile and VAT adipocyte hypertrophy are associated with adverse BS outcomes. Finally, myofibrogenic progenitors are a common determinant of weight and IR trajectories post-BS; the study suggests that adipogenesis in SAT and adipocyte hypertrophy in VAT are common determinants of metabolic alterations with obesity and of the weight loss and metabolic response to bariatric surgery. The data open up new avenues to better understand and predict individual outcomes in response to changes in energy balance.
Keywords: hypertrophy; hyperplasia; adipogenesis; lymphocytes; fibrosis; macrophages hypertrophy; hyperplasia; adipogenesis; lymphocytes; fibrosis; macrophages

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ledoux, S.; Boulet, N.; Belles, C.; Zakaroff-Girard, A.; Bernard, A.; Germain, A.; Decaunes, P.; Briot, A.; Galitzky, J.; Bouloumié, A. Subcutaneous Stromal Cells and Visceral Adipocyte Size Are Determinants of Metabolic Flexibility in Obesity and in Response to Weight Loss Surgery. Cells 2022, 11, 3540. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11223540

AMA Style

Ledoux S, Boulet N, Belles C, Zakaroff-Girard A, Bernard A, Germain A, Decaunes P, Briot A, Galitzky J, Bouloumié A. Subcutaneous Stromal Cells and Visceral Adipocyte Size Are Determinants of Metabolic Flexibility in Obesity and in Response to Weight Loss Surgery. Cells. 2022; 11(22):3540. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11223540

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ledoux, Séverine, Nathalie Boulet, Chloé Belles, Alexia Zakaroff-Girard, Arnaud Bernard, Albéric Germain, Pauline Decaunes, Anaïs Briot, Jean Galitzky, and Anne Bouloumié. 2022. "Subcutaneous Stromal Cells and Visceral Adipocyte Size Are Determinants of Metabolic Flexibility in Obesity and in Response to Weight Loss Surgery" Cells 11, no. 22: 3540. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11223540

APA Style

Ledoux, S., Boulet, N., Belles, C., Zakaroff-Girard, A., Bernard, A., Germain, A., Decaunes, P., Briot, A., Galitzky, J., & Bouloumié, A. (2022). Subcutaneous Stromal Cells and Visceral Adipocyte Size Are Determinants of Metabolic Flexibility in Obesity and in Response to Weight Loss Surgery. Cells, 11(22), 3540. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11223540

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