Relationships between Nutrient Uptake and Nitrogen Fixation with Aflatoxin Contamination in Peanut under Terminal Drought
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Design and Plant Materials
2.2. Crop Management
2.3. Irrigation
2.4. Aspergillus flavus Inoculation
2.5. Data Collection
2.5.1. Soil and Plant Water Status
2.5.2. Plant Nutrient Analysis
2.5.3. Nodule Dry Weight (NDW) and Nitrogen Fixation (NF)
2.5.4. Aspergillus flavus and Aflatoxin Measurements
2.5.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Soil and Plant Water Stress
3.2. Relationships between Nutrient Uptake with A. flavus Seed Infection and Aflatoxin Contamination
3.3. Relationships between N2-Fixation (NF) and Nodule Dry Weight (NDW) with A. flavus Seed Infection and Aflatoxin Contamination
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatments | Soil Depth (cm) | Soil Moisture Content (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sowing | Last Day of Irrigation | R7 Stage | Harvest | ||
Well-watered | 0–30 | 10.20 | 10.28 | 10.27 | 10.29 |
Terminal drought | 0–30 | 10.28 | 10.21 | 6.14 | 6.15 |
Well-watered | 0–60 | 10.27 | 9.78 | 9.94 | 10.19 |
Terminal drought | 0–60 | 10.24 | 9.75 | 6.02 | 6.44 |
Nutrient Uptake (g plant−1) | A. flavus Seed Infection (%) | Aflatoxin Contamination (ppb) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Well-Watered | Terminal Drought | DTI | Well-Watered | Terminal Drought | DTI | |
N | −0.02 | −0.50 ** | −0.78 ** | −0.30 | −0.66 ** | −0.82 ** |
P | −0.05 | −0.33 * | −0.66 ** | −0.15 | −0.43 ** | −0.60 ** |
K | 0.08 | −0.51 ** | −0.72 ** | −0.18 | −0.60 ** | −0.68 ** |
Ca | −0.45 ** | −0.52 ** | −0.65 ** | −0.21 | −0.75 ** | −0.73 ** |
Mg | 0.11 | −0.32 * | −0.75 ** | −0.22 | −0.50 ** | −0.72 ** |
NF and Related Trait (g plant−1) | A. flavus Seed Infection (%) | Aflatoxin Contamination (ppb) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Well-Watered | Terminal Drought | DTI | Well-Watered | Terminal Drought | DTI | |
NF | −0.41 ** | −0.50 ** | −0.65 ** | −0.58 ** | −0.62 ** | −0.38 * |
NDW | −0.58 ** | −0.62 ** | −0.71 ** | −0.33 * | −0.35 * | −0.33 * |
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Htoon, W.; Kaewpradit, W.; Vorasoot, N.; Toomsan, B.; Akkasaeng, C.; Puppala, N.; Wongkaew, S.; Jogloy, S. Relationships between Nutrient Uptake and Nitrogen Fixation with Aflatoxin Contamination in Peanut under Terminal Drought. Agronomy 2019, 9, 419. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9080419
Htoon W, Kaewpradit W, Vorasoot N, Toomsan B, Akkasaeng C, Puppala N, Wongkaew S, Jogloy S. Relationships between Nutrient Uptake and Nitrogen Fixation with Aflatoxin Contamination in Peanut under Terminal Drought. Agronomy. 2019; 9(8):419. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9080419
Chicago/Turabian StyleHtoon, Wunna, Wanwipa Kaewpradit, Nimitr Vorasoot, Banyong Toomsan, Chutipong Akkasaeng, Naveen Puppala, Sopone Wongkaew, and Sanun Jogloy. 2019. "Relationships between Nutrient Uptake and Nitrogen Fixation with Aflatoxin Contamination in Peanut under Terminal Drought" Agronomy 9, no. 8: 419. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9080419