Nitrogen Fertilizer Sources and Application Timing Affects Wheat and Inter-Seeded Red Clover Yields on Claypan Soils
1
Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Novelty, MO 63460, USA
2
Department of Soil, Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
3
Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Agronomy 2014, 4(4), 497-513; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy4040497
Received: 7 October 2014 / Revised: 21 October 2014 / Accepted: 31 October 2014 / Published: 11 November 2014
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Towards a Better Understanding of Agronomic Efficiency of Nitrogen in Different Agro-Ecosystems)
Controlled-release N fertilizer, such as polymer-coated urea (PCU), may be a fall N management option for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in poorly-drained claypan soils. Field research evaluated (1) urea release from fall-applied PCU in 2006 and 2007; (2) broadcast fall-spring split (25%:75%) of N sources; and (3) a single fall (100%) application of PCU, urea, urea plus NBPT (N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide] (U + NBPT), ammonium nitrate (AN), or urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) at 0, 56, 84, and 112 kg·N·ha−1 on wheat yield, wheat biomass, N uptake by wheat, and frost-seeded red clover (FSC) (Trifolium pratense L.) forage yield (2004–2007). PCU applied in fall released less than 30% urea by February. Urea released from PCU by harvest was 60% and 85% in 2006 and 2007, respectively. In poorly-drained soils, wheat yields ranked PCU > AN > U + NBPT > urea ≥ UAN over the rates evaluated for fall-only application. PCU was a viable fall-applied N source, with yields similar to or greater than urea or U + NBPT split-applied. Split-N applications of AN, urea, UAN, and U + NBPT generally resulted in greater wheat yields than a fall application. Enhanced efficiency fertilizers provide farmers with flexible options for maintaining high yielding production systems.
View Full-Text
Keywords:
ammonium nitrate; cover crop; enhanced efficiency fertilizer; nitrogen; urea; urease inhibitor
▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Nelson, K.A.; Motavalli, P.P.; Nathan, M. Nitrogen Fertilizer Sources and Application Timing Affects Wheat and Inter-Seeded Red Clover Yields on Claypan Soils. Agronomy 2014, 4, 497-513. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy4040497
AMA Style
Nelson KA, Motavalli PP, Nathan M. Nitrogen Fertilizer Sources and Application Timing Affects Wheat and Inter-Seeded Red Clover Yields on Claypan Soils. Agronomy. 2014; 4(4):497-513. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy4040497
Chicago/Turabian StyleNelson, Kelly A.; Motavalli, Peter P.; Nathan, Manjula. 2014. "Nitrogen Fertilizer Sources and Application Timing Affects Wheat and Inter-Seeded Red Clover Yields on Claypan Soils" Agronomy 4, no. 4: 497-513. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy4040497
Find Other Styles
Search more from Scilit
