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Agronomy
Volume 15
Issue 9
10.3390/agronomy15092096
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Ferric Oxide Nanoparticles Foliar Application Effectively Enhanced Iron Bioavailability and Rice Quality in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Grains

by
Xijun Yuan
1,†,
Muyan Zhang
1,†,
Jingtong Sun
1,
Xinyue Liu
1,
Jie Chen
1,
Rui Wang
1,
Hao Lu
2,* and
Yanju Yang
3,*
1
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
2
Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
3
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Agronomy 2025, 15(9), 2096; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15092096 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 5 July 2025 / Revised: 21 August 2025 / Accepted: 26 August 2025 / Published: 30 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Fertilization Strategies and Soil Health for Rice and Wheat Cultivation)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

Synergizing iron nutrition and rice quality is essential for the development of integrated high-quality rice. In this study, a two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of ferric oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) foliar spraying on rice yield, quality, and iron bioavailability, with spraying water as the control (CK). Our results demonstrate that Fe2O3 NPs foliar application increase grain yield by 1.22–3.97% for the improved filled grain rate and 1000-grain weight, essentially attributed to improved net photosynthetic rate and SPAD value after heading. In addition, Fe2O3 NPs application achieved a higher rate of brown rice, polished rice, and head rice, and decreased chalkiness grain rate and chalkiness degree. Rice taste value treated with Fe2O3 NPs application was notably increased by 2.75–9.43% compared to CK, respectively, which is also reflected in the superior breakdown value (5.85–15.18%) and inferior setback value (12.38–28.19%). Meanwhile, foliar spraying Fe2O3 NPs significantly increased the iron content (16.97–58.74% and 26.48–94.01%) and proportion (2.90–5.35% and 13.10–26.44%), while they decreased the molar ratio of phytate to Fe (19.70–33.67% and 31.55–45.77%) in brown rice and polished rice, increasing iron bioavailability. Our findings indicate that Fe2O3 NPs can be effectively applied as a foliar fertilizer to enhance rice yield, quality, and iron nutrition.
Keywords: ferric oxide nanoparticles; yield; rice quality; iron nutrition; photosynthesis ferric oxide nanoparticles; yield; rice quality; iron nutrition; photosynthesis

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Yuan, X.; Zhang, M.; Sun, J.; Liu, X.; Chen, J.; Wang, R.; Lu, H.; Yang, Y. Ferric Oxide Nanoparticles Foliar Application Effectively Enhanced Iron Bioavailability and Rice Quality in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Grains. Agronomy 2025, 15, 2096. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15092096

AMA Style

Yuan X, Zhang M, Sun J, Liu X, Chen J, Wang R, Lu H, Yang Y. Ferric Oxide Nanoparticles Foliar Application Effectively Enhanced Iron Bioavailability and Rice Quality in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Grains. Agronomy. 2025; 15(9):2096. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15092096

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuan, Xijun, Muyan Zhang, Jingtong Sun, Xinyue Liu, Jie Chen, Rui Wang, Hao Lu, and Yanju Yang. 2025. "Ferric Oxide Nanoparticles Foliar Application Effectively Enhanced Iron Bioavailability and Rice Quality in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Grains" Agronomy 15, no. 9: 2096. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15092096

APA Style

Yuan, X., Zhang, M., Sun, J., Liu, X., Chen, J., Wang, R., Lu, H., & Yang, Y. (2025). Ferric Oxide Nanoparticles Foliar Application Effectively Enhanced Iron Bioavailability and Rice Quality in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Grains. Agronomy, 15(9), 2096. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15092096

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