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Volume 15
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10.3390/agronomy15122830
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Mitochondrial Genomes Reveal Population Structure of the Locust Oedaleus decorus (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Oedipodinae) in China

by
Xi Li
1,†,
Shiqian Feng
1,†,
Na Risu
2,
Lijun Gao
3,
Oyunbayar Amanjol
4,
Uuganbayar Chuluunbaatar
5,
Na Muriga
2,
Hongmei Li
6,
Zhan Niyazbekov
7,
Alua Rysbekova
7,
Xiongbing Tu
1,
Guangjun Wang
1,* and
Undarmaa Davaasambuu
4,*
1
State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
2
Xilingol League Grassland Technical Station, Xilinhot 026000, China
3
Xilinhot City Grassland Technical Station, Xilinhot 026000, China
4
Laboratory of Applied Biological Control of Plant Pests, School of Agroecology, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Zaisan-53, Khan-Uul District, Ulaanbaatar 17024, Mongolia
5
Biology-Tourism Department, School of Applied Sciences, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Zaisan-53, Khan-Uul District, Ulaanbaatar 17024, Mongolia
6
CABI Joint Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
7
Kazakh Research Institute of Plant Protection and Quarantine Named After Zh. Zhiembayeva, Kúltóbe Street 1, Rahat Microdistrict, Nauryzbai District, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Agronomy 2025, 15(12), 2830; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15122830
Submission received: 14 November 2025 / Revised: 8 December 2025 / Accepted: 8 December 2025 / Published: 9 December 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Pest and Disease Management)
Versions Notes

Abstract

The locust Oedaleus decorus undergoes massive outbreaks and engages in round-trip migratory flights across northern China and Mongolia. However, its specific genetic structure remains poorly understood. In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genomes of 163 O. decorus individuals from 16 locations in northern China using high-throughput sequencing data and analyzed its population structure. The results showed that these mitochondrial genomes are 15,142 to 15,914 bp in sizes, with size variation attributed to A + T-rich regions in intergenic spacers. All 13 protein-coding genes exhibited conserved lengths across samples. The overall genetic differentiation between populations was small (Fst = 0.00843), with high gene flow (Nm = 29.40). Both genetic differentiation and DAPC analyses revealed significant genetic differentiation in the New Barag Left Banner (NBL) population compared to the Zhengxiangbai Banner (ZB), Taibus Banner (TP), Xianghuang Banner (XH), and Zhenglan Banner (ZL) populations. The phylogenetic tree and haplotype network suggest Hap_20 is presumably a relatively ancestral haplotype and all haplotypes were divided into two clades, and no population formed a distinct independent clade. Our findings indicate that the O. decorus population in North China exhibits mitochondrial subtype differentiation. The lack of difference in genetic structure across different regions in North China is consistent with a high level of migratory activity by O. decorus in the region.
Keywords: grasshopper; population genetics; mitspatial genetic pattern grasshopper; population genetics; mitspatial genetic pattern

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Li, X.; Feng, S.; Risu, N.; Gao, L.; Amanjol, O.; Chuluunbaatar, U.; Muriga, N.; Li, H.; Niyazbekov, Z.; Rysbekova, A.; et al. Mitochondrial Genomes Reveal Population Structure of the Locust Oedaleus decorus (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Oedipodinae) in China. Agronomy 2025, 15, 2830. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15122830

AMA Style

Li X, Feng S, Risu N, Gao L, Amanjol O, Chuluunbaatar U, Muriga N, Li H, Niyazbekov Z, Rysbekova A, et al. Mitochondrial Genomes Reveal Population Structure of the Locust Oedaleus decorus (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Oedipodinae) in China. Agronomy. 2025; 15(12):2830. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15122830

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li, Xi, Shiqian Feng, Na Risu, Lijun Gao, Oyunbayar Amanjol, Uuganbayar Chuluunbaatar, Na Muriga, Hongmei Li, Zhan Niyazbekov, Alua Rysbekova, and et al. 2025. "Mitochondrial Genomes Reveal Population Structure of the Locust Oedaleus decorus (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Oedipodinae) in China" Agronomy 15, no. 12: 2830. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15122830

APA Style

Li, X., Feng, S., Risu, N., Gao, L., Amanjol, O., Chuluunbaatar, U., Muriga, N., Li, H., Niyazbekov, Z., Rysbekova, A., Tu, X., Wang, G., & Davaasambuu, U. (2025). Mitochondrial Genomes Reveal Population Structure of the Locust Oedaleus decorus (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Oedipodinae) in China. Agronomy, 15(12), 2830. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15122830

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