The Effect of Microbial Inoculation under Various Nitrogen Regimes on the Uptake of Nutrients by Apple Trees
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Nutritional Status of Leaves and Fruits
2.2. Mycorrhizal Colonization
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Mycorrhizal Parameters
3.2. Leaf Nutrient Status
3.3. Fruit Nutrient Status
3.4. Macroelement Partitioning of Leaves and Fruits
3.4.1. Leaves
3.4.2. Fruits
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
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Year | Treatment | Nitrogen Fertilization | Mycorrhizal Parameters (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | AMI | RMI | |||
2012 | M0 | N-0 | 23.33 ± 8.82 | 0.093 ± 0.05 | 0.378 ± 0.11 |
N-50 | 20.33 ± 6.69 | 0.079 ± 0.04 | 0.375 ± 0.11 | ||
N-100 | 40.00 ± 9.96 | 0.133 ± 0.05 | 0.350 ± 0.13 | ||
N-50+50 | 27.67 ± 4.04 | 0.084 ± 0.07 | 0.308 ± 0.06 | ||
N-50h | 24.67 ± 7.04 | 0.089 ± 0.04 | 0.350 ± 0.13 | ||
M | N-0 | 17.67 ± 6.94 | 0.055 ± 0.03 | 0.198 ± 0.03 | |
N-50 | 12.38 ± 5.18 | 0.067 ± 0.08 | 0.243 ± 0.07 | ||
N-100 | 27.67 ± 8.57 | 0.081 ± 0.02 | 0.267 ± 0.03 | ||
N-50+50 | 32.00 ± 6.57 | 0.100 ± 0.05 | 0.294 ± 0.04 | ||
N-50h | 14.67 ± 7.81 | 0.073 ± 0.02 | 0.238 ± 0.02 | ||
2016 | M0 | N-0 | 27.78 ± 7.91 | 0.278 ± 0.10 | 1.000 ± 0.12 |
N-50 | 28.89 ± 9.21 | 0.644 ± 0.25 | 2.222 ± 0.19 | ||
N-100 | 31.11 ± 6.98 | 1.400 ± 0.68 | 4.033 ± 2.72 | ||
N-50+50 | 33.33 ± 6.67 | 0.511 ± 0.10 | 1.600 ± 0.53 | ||
N-50h | 31.11 ± 8.11 | 0.489 ± 0.25 | 1.489 ± 0.43 | ||
M | N-0 | 51.11 ± 7.70 | 5.822 ± 1.32 | 11.64 ± 3.62 | |
N-50 | 44.05 ± 14.37 | 3.878 ± 0.49 | 7.197.637± | ||
N-100 | 37.78 ± 8.85 | 2.022 ± 0.96 | 5.294 ± 2.21 | ||
N-50+50 | 34.44 ± 5.08 | 0.967 ± 0.32 | 2.822 ± 0.96 | ||
N-50h | 42.23 ± 9.52 | 5.044 ± 1.86 | 12.13 ± 5.12 | ||
2020 | M0 | N-0 | 70.00 ± 8.82 | 1.100 ± 0.21 | 1.564 ± 0.15 |
N-50 | 64.44 ± 7.69 | 0.822 ± 0.20 | 1.269 ± 0.24 | ||
N-100 | 77.78 ± 18.36 | 4.511 ± 3.25 | 5.086 ± 2.06 | ||
N-50+50 | 65.00 ± 8.34 | 1.002 ± 0.29 | 1.521 ± 0.26 | ||
N-50h | 72.22 ± 11.71 | 1.922 ± 1.05 | 2.547 ± 1.06 | ||
M | N-0 | 100.0 ± 0.00 | 23.74 ± 6.82 | 23.74 ± 6.82 | |
N-50 | 100.0 ± 0.00 | 34.33 ± 4.26 | 34.33 ± 4.26 | ||
N-100 | 100.0 ± 0.00 | 24.84 ± 5.96 | 24.84 ± 5.96 | ||
N-50+50 | 100.0 ± 0.00 | 36.56 ± 2.60 | 36.56 ± 2.60 | ||
N-50h | 100.0 ± 0.00 | 34.56 ± 8.47 | 34.56 ± 8.47 | ||
Year | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||
Treatment | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||
Nitrogen fertilization | 0.5147 | 0.2396 | 0.3096 | ||
Year × Treatment | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||
Year × Nitrogen fertilization | 0.5921 | 0.02899 | 0.0256 | ||
Treatment × Nitrogen fertilization | 0.1889 | 0.0197 | 0.0204 | ||
Year × Treatment × Nitrogen fertilization | 0.7641 | 0.0027 | 0.0026 |
Treatment | Nitrogen Fertilization | Macronutrient (% d.m.) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | P | K | Mg | Ca | ||
M0 | N-0 | A 2.17 ± 0.05 a | A 0.204 ± 0.007 d | A 1.02 ± 0.06 b | A 0.25 ± 0.01 ab | B 1.74 ± 0.07 b |
N-50 | A 2.33 ± 0.03 b | A 0.164 ± 0.004 b | A 0.83 ± 0.04 a | B 0.27 ± 0.01 b | B 1.81 ± 0.05 b | |
N-100 | A 2.24 ± 0.02 bc | A 0.156 ± 0.003 a | B 1.04 ± 0.05 b | B 0.25 ± 0.01 a | A 1.60 ± 0.04 a | |
N-50+50 | A 2.40 ± 0.02 c | A 0.176 ± 0.006 c | A 0.82 ± 0.07 a | A 0.31 ± 0.02 c | A 1.73 ± 0.05 b | |
N-50h | A 2.41 ± 0.06 c | A 0.169 ± 0.003 bc | A 0.83 ± 0.03 a | B 0.26 ± 0.01 ab | B 1.76 ± 0.01 b | |
M | N-0 | B 2.28 ± 0.02 a | B 0.215 ± 0.004 bc | A 1.08 ± 0.03 b | A 0.25 ± 0.01 a | A 1.62 ± 0.06 bc |
N-50 | B 2.40 ± 0.03 c | B 0.210 ± 0.005 b | B 1.03 ± 0.08 b | A 0.25 ± 0.01 a | A 1.54 ± 0.04 c | |
N-100 | A 2.35 ± 0.04 bc | B 0.198 ± 0.007 a | A 0.95 ± 0.03 ab | A 0.23 ± 0.01 a | A 1.57 ± 0.06 b | |
N-50+50 | A 2.41 ± 0.02 c | B 0.212 ± 0.005 bc | B 0.92 ± 0.05 a | A 0.30 ± 0.02 b | A 1.68 ± 0.04 a | |
N-50h | A 2.34 ± 0.03 b | B 0.219 ± 0.006 c | B 0.97 ± 0.06 ab | A 0.24 ± 0.01 a | A 1.57 ± 0.07 b |
Treatment | Nitrogen Fertilization | Macronutrient (% d.m.) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
P | K | Mg | Ca | ||
M0 | N-0 | A 0.063 ± 0.004 b | B 0.633 ± 0.007 b | A 0.027 ± 0.001 a | A 0.031 ± 0.001 a |
N-50 | B 0.060 ± 0.004 b | B 0.571 ± 0.019 a | A 0.027 ± 0.001 a | A 0.035 ± 0.002 a | |
N-100 | B 0.054 ± 0.003 a | B 0.655 ± 0.010 b | B 0.028 ± 0.002 a | B 0.034 ± 0.004 a | |
N-50+50 | A 0.058 ± 0.003 ab | A 0.566 ± 0.010 a | A 0.027 ± 0.001 a | A 0.033 ± 0.002 a | |
N-50h | A 0.064 ± 0.003 b | A 0.597 ± 0.007 a | A 0.027 ± 0.003 a | A 0.036 ± 0.002 a | |
M | N-0 | A 0.061 ± 0.004 b | A 0.556 ± 0.010 b | A 0.027 ± 0.001 b | A 0.035 ± 0.003 b |
N-50 | A 0.056 ± 0.004 b | A 0.521 ± 0.017 a | A 0.026 ± 0.001 ab | A 0.031 ± 0.001 ab | |
N-100 | A 0.047 ± 0.003 a | A 0.502 ± 0.023 a | A 0.024 ± 0.001 a | A 0.028 ± 0.002 a | |
N-50+50 | A 0.056 ± 0.003 b | B 0.618 ± 0.009 c | A 0.027 ± 0.001 b | A 0.033 ± 0.003 ab | |
N-50h | A 0.060 ± 0.001 b | B 0.624 ± 0.021 c | A 0.027 ± 0.001 b | A 0.034 ± 0.006 ab |
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Bokszczanin, K.Ł.; Wrona, D.; Przybyłko, S. The Effect of Microbial Inoculation under Various Nitrogen Regimes on the Uptake of Nutrients by Apple Trees. Agronomy 2021, 11, 2348. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112348
Bokszczanin KŁ, Wrona D, Przybyłko S. The Effect of Microbial Inoculation under Various Nitrogen Regimes on the Uptake of Nutrients by Apple Trees. Agronomy. 2021; 11(11):2348. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112348
Chicago/Turabian StyleBokszczanin, Kamila Łucja, Dariusz Wrona, and Sebastian Przybyłko. 2021. "The Effect of Microbial Inoculation under Various Nitrogen Regimes on the Uptake of Nutrients by Apple Trees" Agronomy 11, no. 11: 2348. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112348