Mining Middle Eastern and Central Asian Barley Germplasm to Understand Diversity for Resistance to Puccinia hordei, Causal Agent of Leaf Rust
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Materials
2.2. Pathogen Isolates
2.3. Seedling Tests in the Greenhouse
Disease Scoring
2.4. Adult Plant Tests in the Field
Disease Scoring
2.5. Marker Genotyping
2.5.1. DNA Extraction
2.5.2. Genotyping with Markers for the APR Genes Rph20, Rph23 and Rph24
2.5.3. Genotyping with the Rph7 and Rph15 Markers
3. Results
3.1. ASR Gene Postulation and Marker Analysis
3.2. Characterization of APR and Marker Analysis
3.2.1. Group A
3.2.2. Group B
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Host Response | Abbreviation | Infection Type | Disease Symptoms/Description |
---|---|---|---|
Resistant | R | 1 | No uredinia or flecking |
Resistant or moderately resistant | RMR | 2 | No uredinia but flecking may be present |
Moderately resistant | MR | 3 | Traces of uredinia without sporulation |
Moderately resistant or moderately susceptible | MRMS | 4 | Small uredinia with restricted sporulation |
Moderately susceptible | MS | 5 | Small or medium-sized uredinia with moderate sporulation |
Moderately susceptible or susceptible | MSS | 6 | Medium-sized uredinia with heavy sporulation |
Susceptible | S | 7 | Large-sized uredinia with abundant sporulation |
Susceptible or very susceptible | SVS | 8 | Large-sized coalesced uredinia with abundant sporulation |
Very susceptible | VS | 9 | Large-sized coalesced uredinia with abundant sporulation and lesions |
Markers | Gene | Forward Primer Sequence 5′–3′ | Reverse Primer Sequence 5′–3′ | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
bPb-0837 | Rph20 | GACACTTCGTGCCAGTTTG | CCTCCCTCCCTCTTCTCAAC | [13] |
Ebmac0603 | Rph23 | ACCGAAACTAAATGAACTACTTCG | TGCAAACTGTGCTATTAAGGG | [14] |
sun43-44 | Rph24 | CTAGACACCACCACCACACC | ATACCAGAGTTTGCGTCCGG | [22] |
Unknown | Rph7 | GAGATAAAAGCATTACCAAAGGCTCAT | GCGCGCGCAACAGCAAACGGC | Unpublished |
Unknown | Rph15 | TGAAGAAGCTGGAAGGTCACC | AGCCAAAAACCCTTCTGGCT | [23] |
Groups | Rph Genes | Pathotypes | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
200 P− | 220 P+ | 253 P− | 5652 P+ | 5610 P+ | 5453 P− | 5457 P− | 5457 P+ | ||
1 | No R genes | 3+ | 3+ | 3+ | 3+ | 3+ | 3+ | 3+ | 3+ |
2 | Rph1 | ;N to ;+CN | ;N to ;N=C | ;1CN to 3+ | ;CN to ;=C | ;N to ;1=CN | 3+ | 3+ | 23- to 3+ |
3 | Rph1 + Rph9.am | ;N to ;1+CN | ;1-CN to ;12CN | ;1-CN to ;12C | ;1-CN to 23-CN | ;N to ;1-CN | 33-C to 3+ | 23C to 3+ | 23-C to 3+ |
4 | Rph2 | ;1+N to ;12C | ;N to ;12C | 3+ | 3 to 3+ | ;1 to ;12CN | 33+ to 3+ | 3+ | 3+ |
5 | Rph2 + Rph12 | ;N to ;12C | ;1 to ;12C | ;1C to ;12+C | 3+ | ;1N to ;12CN | 3+ | 3+ | 3+ |
6 | Rph3 | 0; to ;1+CN | 0; to ;1-CN | 0; to ;1+CN | 0; to ;1-CN | ;C to ;1+CN | ;C to ;1CN | 3+C to 3+ | 3+C to 3+ |
7 | Rph9.am | 3+ | 3+ | ;1C to ;12C | 3+ | 3+ | 3C to 3+ | 3C to 3+ | 3+ |
8 | Rph12 | ;1C to ;12+C | ;1C to ;12+C | ;1C to 12+C | 3 to 3+ | 33+C to 3+ | 3- to 3+ | 3 to 3+ | 3 to 3+ |
9 | Rph19 | ;1 to ;12C | 3+ | ;1+CN to ;12 | 3+ | 3+ | ;1+C to ;12CN | ;12 to;12+ | 3+ |
10 | Rph25 | 33+ to 3+ | ;1-CN to ;12+C | 3+ | 3+ | 3+ | 3+ | 3+ | 3+ |
11 | USR # | 0; to 2-C | 0; to 3-C | ;C to 2C | 0; to 23-C | ;N to 2C | ; to 3-C | 0; to 23C | ;N to 2+3+C |
1 Gus | No R genes | 3+ | 3+ | 3+ | 3+ | 3+ | 3+ | 3+ | 3+ |
2 Sudan | Rph1 | ;N | ;+N | 3+ | ;+N | ;-N | 3+ | 3+ | 3+ |
3 Peruvian | Rph2 | ;1-N | ;1-N | 3- | 3+ | ;1+CN | 3+ | 3+C | 3+C |
4 Estate | Rph3 | ;C | 0; | 0; | 0;C | ;-CN | ;1- | 3+C | 3+C |
5 Cantala | Rph9.am | 3+ | 3+ | 12-C | 3+ | 3+ | 3c | 3+c | 3+c |
6 Triumph | Rph12 | ;+N | ;+N | ;1CN | 3+ | 3 | 3+ | 3+ | 3+ |
7 Prior | Rph19 | ;1 | 33+ | ;1-CN | 3+ | 33+ | 12- | 12- | 3+ |
8 Fong Tien | Rph25 | 3+ | 12=CN | 3+ | 3+ | 3+ | 3+ | 3+ | 3+ |
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Mehnaz, M.; Dracatos, P.M.; Park, R.F.; Singh, D. Mining Middle Eastern and Central Asian Barley Germplasm to Understand Diversity for Resistance to Puccinia hordei, Causal Agent of Leaf Rust. Agronomy 2021, 11, 2146. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112146
Mehnaz M, Dracatos PM, Park RF, Singh D. Mining Middle Eastern and Central Asian Barley Germplasm to Understand Diversity for Resistance to Puccinia hordei, Causal Agent of Leaf Rust. Agronomy. 2021; 11(11):2146. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112146
Chicago/Turabian StyleMehnaz, Mehnaz, Peter M. Dracatos, Robert F. Park, and Davinder Singh. 2021. "Mining Middle Eastern and Central Asian Barley Germplasm to Understand Diversity for Resistance to Puccinia hordei, Causal Agent of Leaf Rust" Agronomy 11, no. 11: 2146. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112146