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Volume 15
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Article

Profitability of Chemically Cross-Linked Collagen Scaffold Production Using Bovine Pericardium: Revaluing Waste from the Meat Industry for Biomedical Applications

by
José Arturo de la Cruz Bosques
1,
José de Jesús Ibarra Sánchez
1,
Birzabith Mendoza-Novelo
1,*,
Juan Gabriel Segovia-Hernandez
2 and
Carlos Eduardo Molina-Guerrero
1,*
1
Departamento de Ingenierías Química, Electrónica y Biomédica, Universidad de Guanajuato, Lomas del Bosque 103, Col. Lomas del Campestre, León 37150, Guanajuato, Mexico
2
Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, Col. Noria Alta, Guanajuato 36000, Guanajuato, Mexico
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Polymers 2023, 15(13), 2797; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15132797
Submission received: 15 May 2023 / Revised: 17 June 2023 / Accepted: 20 June 2023 / Published: 23 June 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-Functional Collagen-Based Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications II)
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Abstract

The meat industry generates a large amount of waste that can be used to create useful products such as bio-implants, which are usually expensive. In this report, we present an economic analysis of a continuous process for large-scale chemically cross-linked collagen scaffold (CCLCS) production in a Mexican context. For this purpose, three production capacities were simulated using SuperPro Designer® v 12.0: 5, 15, and 25 × 103 bovine pericardium units (BPU) per month as process feedstock. Data indicated that these capacities produced 2.5, 7.5, and 12.5 kg of biomesh per batch (per day), respectively. In addition, Net Unit Production Costs (NUPC) of 784.57, 458.94, and 388.26 $USD.kg−1 were obtained, correspondingly, with selling prices of 0.16 ± 0.078 USD.cm−2, 0.086 ± 0.043 USD.cm−2, and 0.069 ± 0.035 USD.cm−2, in the same order. We found that these selling prices were significantly lower than those in the current market in Mexico. Finally, distribution of costs associated with the process followed the order: raw materials > facility-dependent > labor > royalties > quality analysis/quality control (QA/QC) > utilities. The present study showed the feasibility of producing low-cost and highly profitable CCLCS with a relatively small investment. As a result, the circular bioeconomy may be stimulated.
Keywords: animal biomass; circular bioeconomy; process development; sustainability animal biomass; circular bioeconomy; process development; sustainability
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MDPI and ACS Style

Cruz Bosques, J.A.d.l.; Ibarra Sánchez, J.d.J.; Mendoza-Novelo, B.; Segovia-Hernandez, J.G.; Molina-Guerrero, C.E. Profitability of Chemically Cross-Linked Collagen Scaffold Production Using Bovine Pericardium: Revaluing Waste from the Meat Industry for Biomedical Applications. Polymers 2023, 15, 2797. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15132797

AMA Style

Cruz Bosques JAdl, Ibarra Sánchez JdJ, Mendoza-Novelo B, Segovia-Hernandez JG, Molina-Guerrero CE. Profitability of Chemically Cross-Linked Collagen Scaffold Production Using Bovine Pericardium: Revaluing Waste from the Meat Industry for Biomedical Applications. Polymers. 2023; 15(13):2797. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15132797

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cruz Bosques, José Arturo de la, José de Jesús Ibarra Sánchez, Birzabith Mendoza-Novelo, Juan Gabriel Segovia-Hernandez, and Carlos Eduardo Molina-Guerrero. 2023. "Profitability of Chemically Cross-Linked Collagen Scaffold Production Using Bovine Pericardium: Revaluing Waste from the Meat Industry for Biomedical Applications" Polymers 15, no. 13: 2797. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15132797

APA Style

Cruz Bosques, J. A. d. l., Ibarra Sánchez, J. d. J., Mendoza-Novelo, B., Segovia-Hernandez, J. G., & Molina-Guerrero, C. E. (2023). Profitability of Chemically Cross-Linked Collagen Scaffold Production Using Bovine Pericardium: Revaluing Waste from the Meat Industry for Biomedical Applications. Polymers, 15(13), 2797. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15132797

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