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Polymers
Volume 14
Issue 18
10.3390/polym14183913
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Article

Biomimetic Synthesis of PANI/Graphitic Oxidized Carbon Nitride for Supercapacitor Applications

by
Manuel Eduardo Martínez-Cartagena
1,*,
Juan Bernal-Martínez
2,
Arnulfo Banda-Villanueva
1,
Javier Enríquez-Medrano
1,
Víctor D. Lechuga-Islas
1,
Ilse Magaña
1,
Teresa Córdova
1,
Diana Morales-Acosta
1,
José Luis Olivares-Romero
3 and
Ramón Díaz-de-León
1,*
1
Research Center in Applied Chemistry (CIQA), Enrique Reyna Hermosillo, No. 140, Col. San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo 25294, Mexico
2
Laboratory in Biomedicine and Nanotechnology, Cañada Honda, No. 129, Ojo Caliente, Aguascalientes 20196, Mexico
3
Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Campus III, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec, No. 351, Xalapa 91070, Mexico
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Polymers 2022, 14(18), 3913; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14183913
Submission received: 17 August 2022 / Revised: 10 September 2022 / Accepted: 13 September 2022 / Published: 19 September 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymer Based Electronic Devices and Sensors)
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Abstract

Polyaniline (PANI) composites have gained momentum as supercapacitive materials due to their high energy density and power density. However, some drawbacks in their performance remain, such as the low stability after hundreds of charge-discharge cycles and limitations in the synthesis scalability. Herein, we report for the first time PANI-Graphitic oxidized carbon nitride composites as potential supercapacitor material. The biomimetic polymerization of aniline assisted by hematin, supported by phosphorous and oxygen-modified carbon nitrides (g-POCN and g-OCN, respectively), achieved up to 89% yield. The obtained PAI/g-POCN and PANI/g-OCN show enhanced electrochemical properties, such as conductivity of up to 0.0375 S/cm, specific capacitances (Cs) of up to 294 F/g (at high current densities, 5 A/g) and a stable operation after 500 charge-discharge cycles (at 3 A/g). In contrast, the biomimetic synthesis of Free PANI, assisted by stabilized hematin in cosolvents, exhibited lower performance properties (65%). Due to their structural differences, the electrochemical properties of Free PANI (conductivity of 0.0045 S/cm and Cs of up to 82 F/g at 5 A/g) were lower than those of nanostructured PANI/g-POCN and g-OCN supports, which provide stability and improve the properties of biomimetically synthesized PANI. This work reveals the biomimetic synthesis of PANI, assisted by hematin supported by modified carbon nitrides, as a promising strategy to produce nanostructured supercapacitors with high performance.
Keywords: polyaniline; graphitic carbon nitride; supercapacitor; conductive polymer; biomimetic synthesis polyaniline; graphitic carbon nitride; supercapacitor; conductive polymer; biomimetic synthesis
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MDPI and ACS Style

Martínez-Cartagena, M.E.; Bernal-Martínez, J.; Banda-Villanueva, A.; Enríquez-Medrano, J.; Lechuga-Islas, V.D.; Magaña, I.; Córdova, T.; Morales-Acosta, D.; Olivares-Romero, J.L.; Díaz-de-León, R. Biomimetic Synthesis of PANI/Graphitic Oxidized Carbon Nitride for Supercapacitor Applications. Polymers 2022, 14, 3913. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14183913

AMA Style

Martínez-Cartagena ME, Bernal-Martínez J, Banda-Villanueva A, Enríquez-Medrano J, Lechuga-Islas VD, Magaña I, Córdova T, Morales-Acosta D, Olivares-Romero JL, Díaz-de-León R. Biomimetic Synthesis of PANI/Graphitic Oxidized Carbon Nitride for Supercapacitor Applications. Polymers. 2022; 14(18):3913. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14183913

Chicago/Turabian Style

Martínez-Cartagena, Manuel Eduardo, Juan Bernal-Martínez, Arnulfo Banda-Villanueva, Javier Enríquez-Medrano, Víctor D. Lechuga-Islas, Ilse Magaña, Teresa Córdova, Diana Morales-Acosta, José Luis Olivares-Romero, and Ramón Díaz-de-León. 2022. "Biomimetic Synthesis of PANI/Graphitic Oxidized Carbon Nitride for Supercapacitor Applications" Polymers 14, no. 18: 3913. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14183913

APA Style

Martínez-Cartagena, M. E., Bernal-Martínez, J., Banda-Villanueva, A., Enríquez-Medrano, J., Lechuga-Islas, V. D., Magaña, I., Córdova, T., Morales-Acosta, D., Olivares-Romero, J. L., & Díaz-de-León, R. (2022). Biomimetic Synthesis of PANI/Graphitic Oxidized Carbon Nitride for Supercapacitor Applications. Polymers, 14(18), 3913. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14183913

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