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Article

An Ultrastrong and Ductile Duplex Lightweight Steel with Dual-Nanoprecipitation

by
Menghao Zhang
1,2,3,
Huihui Zhi
1,2,3,*,
Ruizhe Wang
4,
Xinlan Ye
1,2,3,
Xiyue Li
1,2,3,
Zihao Xu
1,2,3,
Weijun Wang
5,6,
Haifeng Wang
1,* and
Yanjing Su
7,*
1
State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
2
Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518063, China
3
Innovation Center NPU·Chongqing, Chongqing 401135, China
4
Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China
5
Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
6
Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230031, China
7
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Crystals 2025, 15(12), 1019; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15121019
Submission received: 7 November 2025 / Revised: 25 November 2025 / Accepted: 26 November 2025 / Published: 28 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in High-Performance Alloys)
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Abstract

In this study, a duplex lightweight steel with the compositions of Fe-30Mn-9Al-1C-1V-5Ni (wt.%) was designed, and its microstructure and mechanical properties were analyzed after simple rolling and heat treatment. The microstructure of duplex lightweight steel consists of austenite and B2 phases, with the dual-nanoprecipitation of L′12 type long-range ordered domains and VC carbides within the austenite. The steel exhibits an ultra-high strength-ductility combination, with a yield strength of 1316 ± 16 MPa, a tensile strength of 1458 ± 11 MPa, and a total elongation of 11.7 ± 1.2%. Its high strength is primarily attributed to hetero-deformation induced (HDI) strengthening, solid solution strengthening, and precipitation strengthening. Meanwhile, the substantial dislocation accumulation in both austenite and B2 phases, coupled with the HDI hardening from intense heterogeneous deformation near grain/phase boundaries, collectively confers the steel with excellent ductility.
Keywords: lightweight steel; precipitation; strengthening; strain hardening lightweight steel; precipitation; strengthening; strain hardening

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Zhang, M.; Zhi, H.; Wang, R.; Ye, X.; Li, X.; Xu, Z.; Wang, W.; Wang, H.; Su, Y. An Ultrastrong and Ductile Duplex Lightweight Steel with Dual-Nanoprecipitation. Crystals 2025, 15, 1019. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15121019

AMA Style

Zhang M, Zhi H, Wang R, Ye X, Li X, Xu Z, Wang W, Wang H, Su Y. An Ultrastrong and Ductile Duplex Lightweight Steel with Dual-Nanoprecipitation. Crystals. 2025; 15(12):1019. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15121019

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Menghao, Huihui Zhi, Ruizhe Wang, Xinlan Ye, Xiyue Li, Zihao Xu, Weijun Wang, Haifeng Wang, and Yanjing Su. 2025. "An Ultrastrong and Ductile Duplex Lightweight Steel with Dual-Nanoprecipitation" Crystals 15, no. 12: 1019. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15121019

APA Style

Zhang, M., Zhi, H., Wang, R., Ye, X., Li, X., Xu, Z., Wang, W., Wang, H., & Su, Y. (2025). An Ultrastrong and Ductile Duplex Lightweight Steel with Dual-Nanoprecipitation. Crystals, 15(12), 1019. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15121019

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