The Efficient Recyclable Molybdenum- and Tungsten-Promoted Mesoporous ZrO2 Catalysts for Aminolysis of Epoxides

Hlatshwayo, Xolani Sibusiso; Xaba, Morena S.; Ndolomingo, Matumuene Joe; Bingwa, Ndzondelelo; Meijboom, Reinout

doi:10.3390/catal11060673

Open AccessArticle

The Efficient Recyclable Molybdenum- and Tungsten-Promoted Mesoporous ZrO₂ Catalysts for Aminolysis of Epoxides

by

Xolani Sibusiso Hlatshwayo

,

Morena S. Xaba

,

Matumuene Joe Ndolomingo

,

Ndzondelelo Bingwa

^*

and

Reinout Meijboom

^*

Center for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Catalysts 2021, 11(6), 673; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11060673

Submission received: 11 March 2021 / Revised: 9 May 2021 / Accepted: 12 May 2021 / Published: 25 May 2021

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalytic Organic Transformations/Organic Synthesis)

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Abstract

In the present study, we report the synthesis and catalytic activity of tungsten- and molybdenum-promoted mesoporous metal oxides in the aminolysis of epoxides. The as-synthesized catalysts were fully characterized by a variety of techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) and desorption (TPD), nitrogen sorption measurements, powder X-ray diffraction (p-XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Amongst the two supports utilized, ZrO₂ is a better support compared to SiO₂. Furthermore, MoO₃ proved to be a better dopant compared to its counterpart. Several parameters such as the variation of solvents, substrates, catalyst amounts, and stirring speed were investigated. It was observed that 450 rpm was the optimum stirring speed, with toluene as the best solvent and styrene oxide as the best substrate. Moreover, the optimum parameters afforded 98% conversion with 95% selectivity towards 2-phenyl-2-(phenylamino) ethanol and 5% towards 1-phenyl-2-(phenylamino) ethanol. Furthermore, 5%MoO₃-ZrO₂ catalyst demonstrated optimal performance and it exhibited excellent activity as well as great stability after being recycled 6 times.

Keywords: mesoporous zirconium oxide; molybdenum; tungsten; selectivity; heterogeneous catalysis; inverse micelle; aminolysis of epoxides

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MDPI and ACS Style

Hlatshwayo, X.S.; Xaba, M.S.; Ndolomingo, M.J.; Bingwa, N.; Meijboom, R. The Efficient Recyclable Molybdenum- and Tungsten-Promoted Mesoporous ZrO₂ Catalysts for Aminolysis of Epoxides. Catalysts 2021, 11, 673. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11060673

AMA Style

Hlatshwayo XS, Xaba MS, Ndolomingo MJ, Bingwa N, Meijboom R. The Efficient Recyclable Molybdenum- and Tungsten-Promoted Mesoporous ZrO₂ Catalysts for Aminolysis of Epoxides. Catalysts. 2021; 11(6):673. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11060673

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hlatshwayo, Xolani Sibusiso, Morena S. Xaba, Matumuene Joe Ndolomingo, Ndzondelelo Bingwa, and Reinout Meijboom. 2021. "The Efficient Recyclable Molybdenum- and Tungsten-Promoted Mesoporous ZrO₂ Catalysts for Aminolysis of Epoxides" Catalysts 11, no. 6: 673. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11060673

APA Style

Hlatshwayo, X. S., Xaba, M. S., Ndolomingo, M. J., Bingwa, N., & Meijboom, R. (2021). The Efficient Recyclable Molybdenum- and Tungsten-Promoted Mesoporous ZrO₂ Catalysts for Aminolysis of Epoxides. Catalysts, 11(6), 673. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11060673

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The Efficient Recyclable Molybdenum- and Tungsten-Promoted Mesoporous ZrO₂ Catalysts for Aminolysis of Epoxides

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