In Situ Generated Nanosized Sulfide Ni-W Catalysts Based on Zeolite for the Hydrocracking of the Pyrolysis Fuel Oil into the BTX Fraction
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Catalytic Properties
2.1.1. Naphthalene Hydrocracking with NiWS-HY Catalysts
2.1.2. Pyrolysis Fuel Oil Hydrocracking with NiWS-HY Catalysts
2.2. Catalyst Properties
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Catalyst Synthesis
3.3. Catalytic Tests
3.4. Products Characterization
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Compound | Amount (wt %) | Compound | Amount (wt %) |
---|---|---|---|
Methylcyclopentane | 0.47 | Benzene | 2.84 |
3-Methylhexane | 0.39 | Heptane | 0.24 |
Methylcyclohexane | 0.37 | Dimethylhexane | 0.17 |
4-Methylheptane | 0.5 | Toluene | 0.15 |
3-Methylheptane | 0.92 | Octane | 0.12 |
m-Xynene | 0.72 | p-Xynen | 0.06 |
o-Xynene | 0.04 | Decals | 3.4 |
Butylbenzene | 0.2 | Methylindanes | 13.14 |
Tetralin | 63.81 | - | - |
Catalyst | Process Conditions | W (wt %) | BTX Composition (wt %) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Benzene | Toluene | Xylenes | ΣBTX | |||
NiWS-HY(0.5%) | 350 °C | 4.0 | 3.3 | 2.5 | 0.8 | 6.6 |
380 °C | 7.7 | 2.2 | 0.95 | 10.85 | ||
400 °C | 5 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 6.8 | ||
NiWS-HY(1%) | 350 °C | 5.4 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 9.1 | |
380 °C | 9.5 | 3.7 | 1.8 | 15 | ||
400 °C | 3.3 | 4.1 | 2.3 | 9.7 |
Catalyst | W (wt %) | Fractional Composition (wt %) | BTX Composition (wt %) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 to 180 | 180 to 360 | >360 | Benzene | Toluene | Xylenes | ΣBTX | ||
NiWS-HY(1%) | 4.0 | 44 | 52.7 | 3.3 | 9.5 | 3.7 | 1.8 | 15 |
2.0 | 28.9 | 67.5 | 3.6 | 5.9 | 2.6 | 1.8 | 10.3 | |
1.0 | 24.2 | 72.4 | 3.34 | 3.9 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 8.5 | |
NiWS-HY(0.5%) | 4.0 | 37.7 | 61.5 | 0.8 | 7.7 | 2.2 | 1 | 10.9 |
2.0 | 33 | 65.2 | 1.8 | 7.3 | 1 | 1.2 | 9.5 | |
1.0 | 31.8 | 68% | 0.2 | 5.4 | 1.8 | 2.1 | 9.3 |
Element | Status | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NiWS-HY(0.5%) | NiWS-HY(1%) | |||||||
Binding Energy, eV | Weight % | Atomic % | Binding Energy, eV | Weight % | Atomic % | Status | ||
W4f | 4f 7/2 | 33 | 65.6 | 3.5 | 33.2 | 52.53 | 2.77 | WS2 |
4f 5/2 | 35.1 | 35.3 | ||||||
4f 7/2 | 33.4 | 21.7 | 1.2 | 33.5 | 30.01 | 1.58 | WOxSy | |
4f 5/2 | 35.5 | 35.8 | ||||||
4f 7/2 | 36.7 | 12.8 | 0.7 | 37 | 13.88 | 0.73 | WO3 | |
4f 5/2 | 38.5 | 38.7 | ||||||
Ni2p | 2p3/2 | 854.9 | 48.3 | 1.64 | 854.7 | 42.25 | 0.80 | NiS |
2p1/2 | 874.8 | 874.7 | ||||||
2p3/2 | 857 | 34.5 | 1.17 | 856.6 | 28.09 | 0.53 | Ni-W-S | |
2p1/2 | 877.6 | 877 | ||||||
2p3/2 | 858.7 | 17.3 | 0.59 | 858.4 | 29.67 | 0.5% | NiO | |
2p1/2 | 879.8 | 880 | ||||||
S2p | 2p3/2 | 162.6 | 74.6 | 12.6 | 162.7 | 77.80 | 13.04 | S2− |
2p3/2 | 163.9 | 14.2 | 2.4 | 164 | 12.94 | 2.17 | S22− | |
2p3/2 | 167.9 | 10.4 | 1.8 | 168 | 9.26 | 1.55 | S6+ |
Catalyst | Atomic % | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | W | Ni | S | O | N | |
NiWS-HY(0.5%) | 63.146 | 5.311 | 3.390 | 16.922 | 11.232 | - |
NiWS-HY(1%) | 66.637 | 5.273 | 1.891 | 16.763 | 9.436 | - |
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Kuchinskaya, T.; Kniazeva, M.; Samoilov, V.; Maximov, A. In Situ Generated Nanosized Sulfide Ni-W Catalysts Based on Zeolite for the Hydrocracking of the Pyrolysis Fuel Oil into the BTX Fraction. Catalysts 2020, 10, 1152. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10101152
Kuchinskaya T, Kniazeva M, Samoilov V, Maximov A. In Situ Generated Nanosized Sulfide Ni-W Catalysts Based on Zeolite for the Hydrocracking of the Pyrolysis Fuel Oil into the BTX Fraction. Catalysts. 2020; 10(10):1152. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10101152
Chicago/Turabian StyleKuchinskaya, Tatiana, Mariia Kniazeva, Vadim Samoilov, and Anton Maximov. 2020. "In Situ Generated Nanosized Sulfide Ni-W Catalysts Based on Zeolite for the Hydrocracking of the Pyrolysis Fuel Oil into the BTX Fraction" Catalysts 10, no. 10: 1152. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10101152