New Insights into Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: Lessons Learned from the ROBUUST Collaborative Study
Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Epidemiology
4. Preoperative Evaluation and Planning
5. Surgical Techniques and Innovations
5.1. Single Stage Xi® Robot-Assisted Nephroureterectomy (RANU)
5.2. Laparoscopic RNU (LRNU) vs. RANU
5.3. Bladder Cuff Excision
5.4. Lymphadenectomy
5.5. Distal Ureterectomy
6. Outcomes
6.1. Mid-Term Outcomes of RANU
6.2. Intravesical Recurrence
6.3. Variant Histology
7. Strengths and Limitations
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
URS | Ureteroscopy |
HG | High Grade |
UTUC | Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma |
RNU | Radical Nephreureterectomy |
Nad-CHT | Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy |
Ad-CHT | Adjuvant Chemotherapy |
cN+ | Clinically Positive Lymph Node Disease |
CKD-S | Surgically Induced Chronic Kidney Disease |
OS | Overall Survival |
RANU | Robot-Assisted Nephroureterectomy |
LRNU | Laparoscopic Radical Nephroureterectomy |
RFS | Recurrence Free Survival |
LND | Lymph Node Dissection |
pN+ | Pathologically Positive Lymph Node Disease |
LN | Lymph Node |
cN0 | Clinically Negative Lymph Node Disease |
RADU | Robot-Assisted Distal Ureterectomy |
MFS | Metastasis-Free Survival |
MMC | Mitomycin C |
Gem | Gemcitabine |
IVR | Intravesical Recurrence |
VH | Variant Histology |
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Author, Year | Patients, n | Aim of the Study | Main Findings |
---|---|---|---|
Katims et al., 2021 [7] | 485 | To assess risk factors for IVR after minimally invasive RNU | Preoperative ureteroscopic biopsy, transurethral resection of bladder cuff and PSM are independent risk factors for IVR |
Hakimi et al., 2022 [8] | 877 | To evaluate outcomes of LND after RANU | LND not associated with intra or postoperative complications; HG tumor and tumor size predictors of pN+ disease |
Veccia et al., 2022 [9] | 148 | To report the surgical steps and technique of single stage Xi RANU | Xi Robotic platform facilitates multi-quadrant approach without need for patient repositioning or robot re-docking |
Wu et al., 2022 [10] | 490 | To predict CKD after RNU | A nomogram based on age, BMI, preoperative eGFR and HUN can help stratify patients in low and high risk of post-RNU CKD |
Douglawi et al., 2023 [11] | 687 | To investigate the impact of VH on oncologic outcomes | VH found in 10% of patients after RNU and associated with risk of future metastasis |
Ditonno et al., 2024 [12] | 1912 | To evaluate prognostic role of diagnostic URS in high-risk UTUC | Significant advantage in OS and CSS if URS and biopsy are performed |
Zappia et al., 2024 [13] | 1446 | To highlight differences in survival outcomes across racial groups after RNU for UTUC | No significant differences when comparing White, Black, Asian, or Hispanic patients |
Tuderti et al., 2024 [14] | 1994 | To compare survival outcomes between patients with UTUC who received RNU only, Nad-CHT or Ad-CHT | In locally advanced and cN+ disease, Nad-CHT offers better CSS and OS |
Puri et al., 2024 [15] | 1862 | To evaluate the association between CKD-S after RNU and survival outcomes | CKD-S3b is associated with worse ACM |
Yong et al., 2024 [16] | 1718 | To determine whether bladder cuff excision and its technique influence survival outcomes | Bladder cuff excision improves RFS, regardless the surgical technique |
Ditonno et al., 2024 [17] | 477 | To directly compare the outcomes of RADU and RANU for high-risk distal ureter tumors | Comparable outcomes in terms of RFS, MFS and OS between RADU and RANU |
Ditonno et al., 2024 [18] | 1118 | To evaluate surgical, functional, and mid-term oncological outcomes after RANU | Postoperative complications: 14.1%; PSM: 4.7%; At 3-years: RFS 59%, MFS 76%, OS 76%, CSS 88% |
Bologna et al., 2025 [19] | 377 | To compare efficacy of MMC and Gem instillation within 7 days after RNU | No difference in IVR and bRFS rates between MMC and Gem instillation |
Bhanvadia et al., 2025 [20] | 1730 | To examine impact of CSE on oncologic outcomes for UTUC | Increasing CSE translates into worse CSS.Any level CSE corresponds to worse OS |
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Biasatti, A.; Bignante, G.; Ditonno, F.; Veccia, A.; Bertolo, R.; Antonelli, A.; Lee, R.; Eun, D.D.; Margulis, V.; Abdollah, F.; et al. New Insights into Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: Lessons Learned from the ROBUUST Collaborative Study. Cancers 2025, 17, 1668. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17101668
Biasatti A, Bignante G, Ditonno F, Veccia A, Bertolo R, Antonelli A, Lee R, Eun DD, Margulis V, Abdollah F, et al. New Insights into Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: Lessons Learned from the ROBUUST Collaborative Study. Cancers. 2025; 17(10):1668. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17101668
Chicago/Turabian StyleBiasatti, Arianna, Gabriele Bignante, Francesco Ditonno, Alessandro Veccia, Riccardo Bertolo, Alessandro Antonelli, Randall Lee, Daniel D. Eun, Vitaly Margulis, Firas Abdollah, and et al. 2025. "New Insights into Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: Lessons Learned from the ROBUUST Collaborative Study" Cancers 17, no. 10: 1668. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17101668
APA StyleBiasatti, A., Bignante, G., Ditonno, F., Veccia, A., Bertolo, R., Antonelli, A., Lee, R., Eun, D. D., Margulis, V., Abdollah, F., Yoshida, T., Derweesh, I. H., Meagher, M. F., Simone, G., Tuderti, G., Bologna, E., Mehrazin, R., Rais-Bahrami, S., Sundaram, C. P., ... Autorino, R. (2025). New Insights into Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: Lessons Learned from the ROBUUST Collaborative Study. Cancers, 17(10), 1668. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17101668