An Integrated CT and MRI Imaging Model to Differentiate between Adrenal Adenomas and Pheochromocytomas
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population for the External Validation
2.2. Clinical, Hormonal, and Radiological Data
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Predictive Model of PHEO
3.2. Baseline Characteristics of the Patients Included for the External Validation
3.3. External Validation of Our Previous Predictive Model and New Proposed Models
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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PHEO (n = 115) | ADENOMA (n = 99) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Clinical and Hormonal Data | |||
Age (years) | 49.7 ± 18.06 | 55.9 ± 11.20 | 0.004 |
Female sex | 47.0% (n = 54) | 39.4% (n = 39) | 0.266 |
Hypertension | 50.4% (n = 58) | 63.6% (n = 63) | 0.052 |
Type 2 diabetes | 25.2% (n = 29) | 30.3% (n = 30) | 0.406 |
Dyslipidemia | 29.6% (n = 32) | 28.3% (n = 28) | 0.831 |
Cardiovascular events | 10.4% (n = 12) | 3.3% (n = 3) | 0.034 |
Cerebrovascular events | 5.4% (n = 6) | 3.1% (n = 3) | 0.404 |
Obesity | 19.1% (n = 22) | 8.1% (n = 8) | 0.020 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 137.7 ± 22.20 | 137.9 ± 11.91 | 0.952 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 81.2 ± 14.65 | 79.8 ± 10.09 | 0.425 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.4 ± 4.87 | 26.4 ± 3.17 | 0.973 |
Urinary metanephrine (mcg/24 h) | 2521.4 ± 5405.26 | 339.2 ± 133.11 | <0.001 |
Unenhanced CT scan | |||
Tumor size (mm) | 52.0 ± 31.80 | 37.0 ± 19.47 | <0.001 |
Tumor size > 40 mm | 61.7% (n = 66/107) | 47.5% (n = 47/99) | 0.041 |
Hounsfield Units (n = 86) | 45.3 ± 27.3 | 29.9 ± 31.89 | 0.035 |
Hounsfield Units >10 (n = 86) | 97.1% (n = 34/35) | 65.0% (n = 39/60) | <0.001 |
Bilaterality | 5.1% (n = 5/99) | 6.1% (n = 6/99) | 0.756 |
Necrosis | 20.2% (n = 18/89) | 2.2% (n = 2/90) | <0.001 |
Calcifications | 6.6% (n = 5/76) | 16.7% (n = 15/90) | 0.047 |
High lipid content | 1.3% (n = 1/75) | 26.7% (n = 24/90) | <0.001 |
MRI evaluation | |||
Loss of signal in the “out of phase” sequence | 7.1% (n = 2/28) | 72.7% (n = 24/33) | <0.001 |
Hyperintensity in T2 sequence | 64.9% (n = 24/37) | 15.2% (n = 5/33) | <0.001 |
Tumour Size | <10 mm | 10–20 mm | 21–30 mm | 31–40 mm | 41–50 mm | >50 mm | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lipid Content | |||||||
High | 1.1% | 1.6% | 2.4% | 3.5% | 5.1% | 7.3% | |
Low | 23.1% | 30.7% | 39.7% | 49.4% | 59.1% | 68.2% |
HYPERINTENSITY IN T2 MRI SEQUENCE | |||||||
Tumour Size | <10 mm | 10–20 mm | 21–30 mm | 31–40 mm | 41–50 mm | >50 mm | |
Lipid Content | |||||||
Low | 37.2% | 72.4% | 92.1% | 98.1% | 99.6% | 99.9% | |
ABSCENSE OF HYPERINTENSITY IN T2 MRI SEQUENCE | |||||||
Tumour Size | <10 mm | 10–20 mm | 21–30 mm | 31–40 mm | 41–50 mm | >50 mm | |
Lipid Content | |||||||
Low | 0.1% | 0.3% | 1.2% | 5.2% | 19.5% | 51.8% |
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Araujo-Castro, M.; García Sanz, I.; Mínguez Ojeda, C.; Calatayud, M.; Hanzu, F.A.; Mora, M.; Vicente Delgado, A.; Carrera, C.B.; de Miguel Novoa, P.; del Carmen López García, M.; et al. An Integrated CT and MRI Imaging Model to Differentiate between Adrenal Adenomas and Pheochromocytomas. Cancers 2023, 15, 3736. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15143736
Araujo-Castro M, García Sanz I, Mínguez Ojeda C, Calatayud M, Hanzu FA, Mora M, Vicente Delgado A, Carrera CB, de Miguel Novoa P, del Carmen López García M, et al. An Integrated CT and MRI Imaging Model to Differentiate between Adrenal Adenomas and Pheochromocytomas. Cancers. 2023; 15(14):3736. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15143736
Chicago/Turabian StyleAraujo-Castro, Marta, Iñigo García Sanz, César Mínguez Ojeda, María Calatayud, Felicia A. Hanzu, Mireia Mora, Almudena Vicente Delgado, Concepción Blanco Carrera, Paz de Miguel Novoa, María del Carmen López García, and et al. 2023. "An Integrated CT and MRI Imaging Model to Differentiate between Adrenal Adenomas and Pheochromocytomas" Cancers 15, no. 14: 3736. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15143736