Cognitive Aging in Older Breast Cancer Survivors
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. of Patients (%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | Overall | Chemo | No Chemo | Control | p-Value |
(n = 486) | (n = 160) | (n = 168) | (n = 158) | ||
Age, M (SD) | 72.5 (5.8) | 70.9 (5.1) | 74.6 (5.9) | 71.7 (5.8) | <0.001 |
Race | |||||
White | 411 (85%) | 129 (81%) | 141 (84%) | 141 (89%) | 0.320 |
Black | 37 (8%) | 16 (10%) | 15 (9%) | 6 (4%) | |
Asian/PI | 17 (3%) | 8 (5%) | 5 (3%) | 4 (3%) | |
Other | 14 (3%) | 5 (3%) | 5 (3%) | 4 (3%) | |
Missing | 7 (1%) | 2 (1%) | 2 (1%) | 3 (2%) | |
Ethnicity | |||||
Hispanic | 48 (10%) | 18 (11%) | 12 (7%) | 18 (11%) | 0.338 |
Non-Hispanic | 429 (88%) | 138 (86%) | 153 (91%) | 138 (87%) | |
Missing | 9 (2%) | 4 (3%) | 3 (2%) | 2 (1%) | |
Education | |||||
Less than college | 195 (40%) | 67 (42%) | 71 (42%) | 57 (36%) | 0.420 |
College or more | 289 (59%) | 92 (58%) | 96 (57%) | 101 (64%) | |
Missing | 2 (0%) | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | |
Smoking Hx | |||||
Yes | 221 (45%) | 85 (53%) | 74 (44%) | 62 (39%) | 0.036 |
No | 263 (54%) | 74 (46%) | 93 (55%) | 96 (61%) | |
Missing | 2 (0%) | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | |
Endocrine Therapy | |||||
Ever | 234 (75%) | 110 (72%) | 124 (77%) | NA | 0.298 |
At Assessment 1 | 80 (25%) | 52 (34%) | 28 (17%) | NA | <0.001 |
Cancer Characteristics | |||||
ER Positive | 237 (80%) | 111 (73%) | 126 (88%) | NA | 0.001 |
PR Positive | 190 (65%) | 84 (55%) | 106 (76%) | NA | <0.001 |
HER2+ (FISH) | 32 (12%) | 25 (17%) | 7 (6%) | NA | 0.006 |
Tumor size (cm) | 1.7 (1.4) | 2.2 (1.5) | 1.2 (1.2) | NA | <0.001 |
Years since DX | 8.0 (2.7) | 8.1 (2.7) | 8.0 (2.6) | NA | 0.574 |
Baseline Psych | |||||
FSI Disruption | 8.1 (11.0) | 9.5 (12.4) | 8.9 (10.8) | 5.9 (9.4) | 0.008 |
STAI State Sum | 25.8 (7.3) | 26.8 (8.3) | 25.5 (6.9) | 25.1 (6.6) | 0.088 |
CESD Sum | 6.8 (7.1) | 7.9 (8.8) | 6.6 (6.1) | 6.0 (5.9) | 0.049 |
APE | LM | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fixed Effects | Mean | 95% HDI | Mean | 95% HDI | |
Intercept | 0.013 | −0.110, 0.138 | 0.048 | −0.092, 0.187 | |
age | −0.047 | −0.065, −0.029 * | −0.048 | −0.069, −0.028 * | |
age2 | 0.00001 | −0.002, 0.002 | −0.0006 | −0.003, 0.002 | |
survivor | −0.130 | −0.279, 0.020 | −0.205 | −0.376, −0.034 * | |
age × survivor | 0.016 | −0.006, 0.038 | 0.012 | −0.013, 0.037 | |
age2 × survivor | −0.01 | −0.004, 0.002 | 0.0004 | −0.003, 0.003 | |
months † | 0.004 | 0.0004, 0.007 * | 0.019 | 0.013, 0.025 * | |
months × survivor | 0.0002 | −0.004, 0.004 | −0.0029 | −0.011, 0.005 | |
months × age 69–72 | 0.001 | −0.004, 0.005 | 0.0006 | −0.008, 0.010 | |
months × age 73–76 | −0.002 | −0.008, 0.003 | −0.007 | −0.016, 0.003 | |
months × age 77–89 | −0.008 | −0.013, −0.002 * | −0.007 | −0.017, 0.002 | |
survivor × months × age 69–72 | −0.001 | −0.006, 0.007 | 0.0005 | −0.011, 0.012 | |
survivor × months × age 73–76 | 0.0004 | −0.006, 0.007 | 0.0073 | −0.005, 0.019 | |
survivor × months × age 77–89 | 0.005 | -0.002, 0.011 | 0.0053 | −0.007, 0.017 | |
Random effect. | |||||
Residual error | = 0.194 | = 0.361 |
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Root, J.C.; Li, Y.; Schofield, E.; Orlow, I.; Ryan, E.; Traina, T.; Patel, S.K.; Ahles, T.A. Cognitive Aging in Older Breast Cancer Survivors. Cancers 2023, 15, 3208. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15123208
Root JC, Li Y, Schofield E, Orlow I, Ryan E, Traina T, Patel SK, Ahles TA. Cognitive Aging in Older Breast Cancer Survivors. Cancers. 2023; 15(12):3208. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15123208
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoot, James C., Yuelin Li, Elizabeth Schofield, Irene Orlow, Elizabeth Ryan, Tiffany Traina, Sunita K. Patel, and Tim A. Ahles. 2023. "Cognitive Aging in Older Breast Cancer Survivors" Cancers 15, no. 12: 3208. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15123208