Metastatic Risk Factors Associated with Class 1A Uveal Melanoma Patients
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Objectives
2.2. Statistics
3. Results
3.1. Patient Characteristics
3.2. Outcomes
3.3. Predictors of Distant Metastasis Development and OS
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | All Patients (n = 73) | No Local Recurrence or Distant Metastases (n = 64) | Local Recurrence (n = 2) | Distant Metastasis (n = 7) | p-Value * (Distant Metastasis Yes vs. No) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
Age at Initial Diagnosis | 0.0622 | ||||||||
Mean (Standard Deviation) | 59.6 (11.3) | 58.9 (11.6) | 70.9 (18.2) | 62.5 (2.3) | |||||
Median (Minimum, Maximum) | 61 (32, 86) | 59 (32, 86) | 71 (58, 84) | 62 (59, 65) | |||||
Gender | 0.4484 | ||||||||
Female | 42 | 57.5% | 38 | 59.4% | 1 | 50.0% | 3 | 42.9% | |
Male | 31 | 42.5% | 26 | 40.6% | 1 | 50.0% | 4 | 57.1% | |
AJCC Stage | 0.0116 | ||||||||
I | 14 | 20.0% | 13 | 21.3% | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 14.3% | |
IIA | 27 | 38.6% | 24 | 39.3% | 2 | 100.0% | 1 | 14.3% | |
IIB | 19 | 27.1% | 18 | 29.5% | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 14.3% | |
IIIA | 7 | 10.0% | 5 | 8.2% | 0 | 0.0% | 2 | 28.6% | |
IIIB | 3 | 4.3% | 1 | 1.6% | 0 | 0.0% | 2 | 28.6% | |
Apical Thickness (mm) | 0.2446 | ||||||||
Mean (Standard Deviation) | 5.9 (3.2) | 5.7 (2.9) | 4.3 (1.3) | 8.2 (5.2) | |||||
Median (Minimum, Maximum) | 5 (2.0, 15.7) | 4.6 (2.3, 14.6) | 4.3 (3.3, 5.2) | 8.5 (2.0, 15.7) | |||||
LBD (mm) | 0.0048 | ||||||||
Mean (Standard Deviation) | 12.6 (3.6) | 12.2 (3.3) | 13.3 (0.9) | 16.2 (4.9) | |||||
Median (Minimum, Maximum) | 12.3 (4.5, 21.0) | 11.9 (4.5, 21.0) | 13.3 (12.6, 13.9) | 17.6 (7.0, 21.0) | |||||
COMS Size | 0.0018 | ||||||||
Small | 3 | 4.1% | 2 | 3.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 14.3% | |
Medium | 53 | 72.6% | 52 | 78.8% | 2 | 100.0% | 1 | 14.3% | |
Large | 17 | 23.3% | 12 | 18.2% | 0 | 0.0% | 5 | 71.4% | |
PRAME | 0.3182 | ||||||||
Positive | 7 | 9.6% | 6 | 9.4% | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 14.3% | |
Negative | 15 | 20.5% | 15 | 23.4% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | |
Not tested | 51 | 69.9% | 43 | 67.2% | 2 | 100.0% | 6 | 85.7% | |
Mutation | 1.0000 | ||||||||
GNAQ | 2 | 2.7% | 1 | 1.6% | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 14.3% | |
GNA11 | 2 | 2.7% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 2 | 28.6% | |
Not Tested | 69 | 94.5% | 63 | 98.4% | 2 | 100.% | 4 | 57.1% | |
Primary Site | 0.405 | ||||||||
Choroidal | 68 | 93.2% | 60 | 93.8% | 2 | 100.0% | 6 | 85.7% | |
Ciliary body | 5 | 6.8% | 4 | 6.3% | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 14.3% | |
Primary Therapy | 0.0497 | ||||||||
Brachytherapy | 38 | 52.1% | 35 | 54.7% | 2 | 100.0% | 1 | 14.3% | |
Enucleation | 35 | 47.9% | 29 | 45.3% | 0 | 0.0% | 6 | 85.7% |
Variable | Distant Metastasis | Local/Distant Recurrence | Overall Survival | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
95% CI | 95% CI | 95% CI | ||||||||||
HR | LL | UL | p-Value | HR | LL | UL | p-Value | HR | LL | UL | p-Value | |
Diagnosis Age (continuous) | 1.02 | 0.96 | 1.09 | 0.5101 | 1.04 | 0.98 | 1.11 | 0.1952 | 1.04 | 0.98 | 1.11 | 0.2151 |
Gender (male vs. female) | 2.07 | 0.46 | 9.27 | 0.3419 | 1.92 | 0.52 | 7.16 | 0.3315 | 3.20 | 0.76 | 13.52 | 0.1129 |
AJCC Stage (III vs. I/II) | 24.26 | 4.17 | 141.15 | 0.0004 | 11.99 | 2.87 | 50.04 | 0.0007 | 7.64 | 1.25 | 46.83 | 0.0280 |
Apical Thickness (continuous) | 1.30 | 1.08 | 1.57 | 0.0057 | 1.22 | 1.03 | 1.45 | 0.0203 | 1.15 | 0.95 | 1.39 | 0.1506 |
LBD (continuous) | 1.49 | 1.15 | 1.94 | 0.0026 | 1.39 | 1.12 | 1.72 | 0.0026 | 1.21 | 0.97 | 1.50 | 0.0889 |
COMS Size (large vs. small/medium) | 16.95 | 3.12 | 92.02 | 0.0010 | 7.97 | 2.07 | 30.71 | 0.0026 | 2.76 | 0.52 | 14.67 | 0.2329 |
Primary Site (ciliary body vs. choroidal) | 2.54 | 0.31 | 21.13 | 0.3885 | 1.92 | 0.24 | 15.40 | 0.5377 | 0.00 | 0.00 | - | 0.9949 |
Primary Therapy (enucleation vs. brachytherapy) | 7.59 | 0.91 | 63.34 | 0.0610 | 2.44 | 0.61 | 9.79 | 0.2076 | 9.16 | 1.12 | 74.58 | 0.0385 |
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Ballhausen, A.; Urias, E.; Gruschkus, S.K.; Williams, M.; Glover, M.S.; Qin, Y.; Gombos, D.S.; Patel, S.P. Metastatic Risk Factors Associated with Class 1A Uveal Melanoma Patients. Cancers 2021, 13, 3292. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13133292
Ballhausen A, Urias E, Gruschkus SK, Williams M, Glover MS, Qin Y, Gombos DS, Patel SP. Metastatic Risk Factors Associated with Class 1A Uveal Melanoma Patients. Cancers. 2021; 13(13):3292. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13133292
Chicago/Turabian StyleBallhausen, Alexej, Elizabeth Urias, Stephen K. Gruschkus, Michelle Williams, Maura S. Glover, Yong Qin, Dan S. Gombos, and Sapna P. Patel. 2021. "Metastatic Risk Factors Associated with Class 1A Uveal Melanoma Patients" Cancers 13, no. 13: 3292. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13133292