Soft Tissue Sarcoma: An Insight on Biomarkers at Molecular, Metabolic and Cellular Level
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Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
2
Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
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Department of Health Science, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
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Department of Orthopaedic Oncology and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Florence, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editors: Brian A. Van Tine and Maria Smolle
Cancers 2021, 13(12), 3044; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13123044
Received: 18 April 2021 / Revised: 13 June 2021 / Accepted: 14 June 2021 / Published: 18 June 2021
Simple Summary
Soft tissue sarcoma is a rare mesenchymal malignancy. Despite the advancements in the fields of radiology, pathology and surgery, these tumors often recur locally and/or with metastatic disease. STS is considered to be a diagnostic challenge due to the large variety of histological subtypes with clinical and histopathological characteristics which are not always distinct. One of the important clinical problems is a lack of useful biomarkers. Therefore, the discovery of biomarkers that can be used to detect tumors or predict tumor response to chemotherapy or radiotherapy could help clinicians provide more effective clinical management.
Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are a heterogeneous group of rare tumors. Although constituting only 1% of all human malignancies, STSs represent the second most common type of solid tumors in children and adolescents and comprise an important group of secondary malignancies. Over 100 histologic subtypes have been characterized to date (occurring predominantly in the trunk, extremity, and retroperitoneum), and many more are being discovered due to molecular profiling. STS mortality remains high, despite adjuvant chemotherapy. New prognostic stratification markers are needed to help identify patients at risk of recurrence and possibly apply more intensive or novel treatments. Recent scientific advancements have enabled a more precise molecular characterization of sarcoma subtypes and revealed novel therapeutic targets and prognostic/predictive biomarkers. This review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the most relevant cellular, molecular and metabolic biomarkers for STS, and highlight advances in STS-related biomarker research.
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Keywords:
soft tissue sarcoma; prognostic/predictive biomarker; oncogene; immune checkpoints; lncRNA; metabolite
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MDPI and ACS Style
Pillozzi, S.; Bernini, A.; Palchetti, I.; Crociani, O.; Antonuzzo, L.; Campanacci, D.; Scoccianti, G. Soft Tissue Sarcoma: An Insight on Biomarkers at Molecular, Metabolic and Cellular Level. Cancers 2021, 13, 3044. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13123044
AMA Style
Pillozzi S, Bernini A, Palchetti I, Crociani O, Antonuzzo L, Campanacci D, Scoccianti G. Soft Tissue Sarcoma: An Insight on Biomarkers at Molecular, Metabolic and Cellular Level. Cancers. 2021; 13(12):3044. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13123044
Chicago/Turabian StylePillozzi, Serena, Andrea Bernini, Ilaria Palchetti, Olivia Crociani, Lorenzo Antonuzzo, Domenico Campanacci, and Guido Scoccianti. 2021. "Soft Tissue Sarcoma: An Insight on Biomarkers at Molecular, Metabolic and Cellular Level" Cancers 13, no. 12: 3044. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13123044
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