Immunological Backbone of Uveal Melanoma: Is There a Rationale for Immunotherapy?

Rossi, Ernesto; Schinzari, Giovanni; Zizzari, Ilaria Grazia; Maiorano, Brigida Anna; Pagliara, Monica Maria; Sammarco, Maria Grazia; Fiorentino, Vincenzo; Petrone, Gianluigi; Cassano, Alessandra; Rindi, Guido; Bria, Emilio; Blasi, Maria Antonietta; Nuti, Marianna; Tortora, Giampaolo

doi:10.3390/cancers11081055

Open AccessReview

Immunological Backbone of Uveal Melanoma: Is There a Rationale for Immunotherapy?

by

Ernesto Rossi

^1,*

,

Giovanni Schinzari

^1,2,

Ilaria Grazia Zizzari

³

,

Brigida Anna Maiorano

¹

,

Monica Maria Pagliara

⁴,

Maria Grazia Sammarco

⁴,

Vincenzo Fiorentino

⁵

,

Gianluigi Petrone

⁵,

Alessandra Cassano

^1,2,

Guido Rindi

⁵

,

Emilio Bria

^1,2,

Maria Antonietta Blasi

⁴,

Marianna Nuti

³

and

Giampaolo Tortora

^1,2

¹

Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario, A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy

²

Medical Oncology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy

³

Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Cell Therapy, Department of Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I, “Sapienza” University, 00162 Rome, Italy

⁴

Ophtalmology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario, A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy

⁵

Pathology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario, A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Cancers 2019, 11(8), 1055; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11081055

Submission received: 30 June 2019 / Revised: 17 July 2019 / Accepted: 24 July 2019 / Published: 26 July 2019

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Uveal Melanoma)

Download

Browse Figures

Versions Notes

Abstract

No standard treatment has been established for metastatic uveal melanoma (mUM). Immunotherapy is commonly used for this disease even though UM has not been included in phase III clinical trials with checkpoint inhibitors. Unfortunately, only a minority of patients obtain a clinical benefit with immunotherapy. The immunological features of mUM were reviewed in order to understand if immunotherapy could still play a role for this disease.

Keywords: immunotherapy; uveal melanoma; checkpoint inhibitors; PD-L1; nivolumab; pembrolizumab; ipilimumab; IDO

Graphical Abstract

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Rossi, E.; Schinzari, G.; Zizzari, I.G.; Maiorano, B.A.; Pagliara, M.M.; Sammarco, M.G.; Fiorentino, V.; Petrone, G.; Cassano, A.; Rindi, G.; et al. Immunological Backbone of Uveal Melanoma: Is There a Rationale for Immunotherapy? Cancers 2019, 11, 1055. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11081055

AMA Style

Rossi E, Schinzari G, Zizzari IG, Maiorano BA, Pagliara MM, Sammarco MG, Fiorentino V, Petrone G, Cassano A, Rindi G, et al. Immunological Backbone of Uveal Melanoma: Is There a Rationale for Immunotherapy? Cancers. 2019; 11(8):1055. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11081055

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rossi, Ernesto, Giovanni Schinzari, Ilaria Grazia Zizzari, Brigida Anna Maiorano, Monica Maria Pagliara, Maria Grazia Sammarco, Vincenzo Fiorentino, Gianluigi Petrone, Alessandra Cassano, Guido Rindi, and et al. 2019. "Immunological Backbone of Uveal Melanoma: Is There a Rationale for Immunotherapy?" Cancers 11, no. 8: 1055. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11081055

APA Style

Rossi, E., Schinzari, G., Zizzari, I. G., Maiorano, B. A., Pagliara, M. M., Sammarco, M. G., Fiorentino, V., Petrone, G., Cassano, A., Rindi, G., Bria, E., Blasi, M. A., Nuti, M., & Tortora, G. (2019). Immunological Backbone of Uveal Melanoma: Is There a Rationale for Immunotherapy? Cancers, 11(8), 1055. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11081055

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Menu

Immunological Backbone of Uveal Melanoma: Is There a Rationale for Immunotherapy?

Abstract

Share and Cite

Article Metrics

Article Access Statistics

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI